Tech4Biowaste - User contributions [en]

Main Page

2023-07-07T09:32:34Z

Achim Raschka: /* Where we are */

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[[File:21-04-27 Tech4Biowaste rect-p.png|center|200px|Tech4Biowaste project logo|link=]]

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'''TECH4BIOWASTE''' – A DYNAMIC DATABASE OF RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES OF BIO-WASTE UTILISATION
The '''Tech4Biowaste project''' provides the bio-based industry with a complete overview of existing and emerging technologies for biowaste utilisation and valorisation. The technology database contain up-to-date information and is accessible to everybody. It will be helpful for a large number of stakeholders in and after the project duration and will provide information and technical details on the technologies for interested stakeholders and provide a platform for technology providers to show innovative technologies.

This Wiki collects and showcases technologies for the utilisation of bio-wastes. [[Tech4Biowaste:About|Find out more]].
== Database content ==
The filling of the database is an ongoing process (wiki-style) and will also be done after the project ends. The first focus is on the description and factsheets for the technologies of bio-waste conversion as listed below.
{{Main page pictograms}}
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== How to work with the wiki ==
The Tech4Biowaste wiki provides information on technologies to utilise biowastes and showcases technology providers. There are several ways to use the wiki depending on your needs. If you are searching for technologies you can use the integrated search on the top of this page but you also can use some tools provided by the consortium.

The [[decision support tool]] (DST) will help technology searchers to find a suitable technology to process specific feedstocks into specific products.

The [[glossary]] gives an overview on terms used in the area of biowaste utilisation and it only includes small paragraphs and definitions on the listed topics.

On the technology pages you also will find you will find a description of the specific technologies available together with profiles of the different technology providers. The section for the technology providers starts with a technology comparison table to identify suitable technologies for different types of biomass ([[Anaerobic digestion#Technology providers|example on anaerobic digestion]]).

For help and manuals see the [[:Category:Manual|manuals]] category and/or take a look into the [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/w/images/f/f5/22-11-21_Tech4Biowaste_user-guide.pdf user guide] and [[Help:Company profile#User guide and tutorial videos|tutorial videos]]. For any further needed assistance please mailto:help@tech4biowaste.eu

== Where we are ==
The project under which the database was set-up and populated formally ended on 31 March 2023. However, the project partners are committed for years to come to continue providing support to technology providers that seek to add their data to the technology database.

== Want to get involved? ==
You can actively contribute to this database by implementing your technology and company profile as well as writing on the articles. If you are not familiar with working in Wiki-environments we will offer '''“How-to-Wiki” training sessions''' on a regular base.'' '''Please contact us under: mailto:info@tech4biowaste.eu'''

The database content will be determined jointly with actors across the bio-waste value chain. Technology searchers can analyse and compare bio-waste valorisation technologies.
</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">
== Partner projects ==
* [[Pilots4U Database]]
* [[nova-Institut_für_politische_und_ökologische_Innovation_GmbH#Renewable_Carbon_Initiative_(RCI)|Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI)]]
* [https://www.bioeconomyventures.eu/ BioeconomyVentures]

== Other interesting projects ==
* [[Other projects]]
</div>
</div>

__NOTOC__

User talk:Lars Krause

2023-06-28T13:29:25Z

Achim Raschka:

Welcome to the Tech4Biowaste-Wiki!

Hi Lars, welcome to the Tech4Biowaste-Wiki - feel free to start some experiments and don't hesitate to ask me or [[User:Raimond Spekking]] for help. If you want to address one of us please use <nowiki>[[User:Raimond Spekking]]</nowiki> or <nowiki>[[User:Achim]]</nowiki> and we will get an alert on this. Feel also free to visit us on our talk pages ... See you -- [[User:Achim|Achim]] ([[User talk:Achim|talk]]) 10:33, 8 April 2021 (CEST) (to sign use <nowiki> -- ~~~~ </nowiki>)

Test -- [[User:Achim Raschka|Achim Raschka]] ([[User talk:Achim Raschka|talk]]) 13:29, 28 June 2023 (UTC)

Main Page

2023-03-07T09:50:11Z

Achim Raschka:

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<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">
[[File:21-04-27 Tech4Biowaste rect-p.png|center|300px|Tech4Biowaste project logo]]

</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">
'''TECH4BIOWASTE''' – A DYNAMIC DATABASE OF RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES OF BIO-WASTE UTILISATION

The '''Tech4Biowaste project''' provides the bio-based industry with a complete overview of existing and emerging technologies for biowaste utilisation and valorisation. The technology database contain up-to-date information and is accessible to everybody. It will be helpful for a large number of stakeholders in and after the project duration and will provide information and technical details on the technologies for interested stakeholders and provide a platform for technology providers to show innovative technologies.

This Wiki collects and showcases technologies for the utilisation of bio-wastes. [[Tech4Biowaste:About|Find out more]].

== Database content ==
[[File:21-09-23 Tech4Biowaste database structure.png|thumb|Visualisation of the overall database structure]]
The filling of the database is an ongoing process (wiki-style) and will also be done after the project ends. The first focus is on the description and factsheets for the technologies of bio-waste conversion as listed below.

=== Technologies ===
* [[Pre-processing]]
* [[Conversion]]
* [[Post-processing]]

=== Feedstocks ([[biowaste]]) ===
* [[Food waste]]
* [[Garden and park waste]]

=== Products ===
* [[Chemicals]]
* [[Energy and fuels]]
* [[Food ingredients]]
* [[Materials]]

== Partner projects ==
* [[Pilots4U Database]]
* [[nova-Institut_für_politische_und_ökologische_Innovation_GmbH#Renewable_Carbon_Initiative_(RCI)|Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI)]]
* [https://www.bioeconomyventures.eu/ BioeconomyVentures]

== Other interesting projects ==
* [[Other projects]]
</div>
</div>

<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">

== How to work with the wiki ==
The Tech4Biowaste wiki provides information on technologies to utilise biowastes and showcases technology providers. There are several ways to use the wiki depending on your needs. If you are searching for technologies you can use the integrated search on the top of this page but you also can use some tools provided by the consortium.

The [[decision support tool]] (DST) will help technology searchers to find a suitable technology to process specific feedstocks into specific products.

The [[glossary]] gives an overview on terms used in the area of biowaste utilisation and it only includes small paragraphs and definitions on the listed topics.

On the technology pages you also will find you will find a description of the specific technologies available together with profiles of the different technology providers. The section for the technology providers starts with a technology comparison table to identify suitable technologies for different types of biomass ([[Anaerobic digestion#Technology providers|example on anaerobic digestion]]).

For help and manuals see the [[:Category:Manual|manuals]] category and/or take a look into the [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/w/images/f/f5/22-11-21_Tech4Biowaste_user-guide.pdf user guide] and [[Help:Company profile#User guide and tutorial videos|tutorial videos]]. For any further needed assistance please mailto:help@tech4biowaste.eu

'''''Where we are'''<br/>
At this stage of the project, the Wiki is in preparation and will be opened in several steps:
* First, for a test panel of evaluators {{OK}}
* At the moment, for a community that can provide information on the aimed technologies {{OK}}
* '''In the last phase, it will be made available to the interested public'''

'''''Want to get involved?'''<br/>
You can actively contribute to this database by implementing your technology and company profile as well as writing on the articles. If you are not familiar with working in Wiki-environments we will offer '''“How-to-Wiki” training sessions''' on a regular base.'' '''Please contact us under: mailto:info@tech4biowaste.eu'''

The database content will be determined jointly with actors across the bio-waste value chain. Technology searchers can analyse and compare bio-waste valorisation technologies.
</div>
</div>

__NOTOC__

Main Page

2023-02-08T10:21:34Z

Achim Raschka: /* Partner projects */

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<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">
[[File:21-04-27 Tech4Biowaste rect-p.png|center|300px|Tech4Biowaste project logo]]

</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">
'''TECH4BIOWASTE''' – A DYNAMIC DATABASE OF RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES OF BIO-WASTE UTILISATION

The '''Tech4Biowaste project''' provides the bio-based industry with a complete overview of existing and emerging technologies for biowaste utilisation and valorisation. The technology database contain up-to-date information and is accessible to everybody. It will be helpful for a large number of stakeholders in and after the project duration and will provide information and technical details on the technologies for interested stakeholders and provide a platform for technology providers to show innovative technologies.

This Wiki collects and showcases technologies for the utilisation of bio-wastes. [[Tech4Biowaste:About|Find out more]].

== How to work with the wiki ==
The Tech4Biowaste wiki provides information on technologies to utilise biowastes and showcases technology providers. There are several ways to use the wiki depending on your needs. If you are searching for technologies you can use the integrated search on the top of this page but you also can use some tools provided by the consortium.

The [[decision support tool]] (DST) will help technology searchers to find a suitable technology to process specific feedstocks into specific products.

The [[glossary]] gives an overview on terms used in the area of biowaste utilisation and it only includes small paragraphs and definitions on the listed topics.

On the technology pages you also will find you will find a description of the specific technologies available together with profiles of the different technology providers. The section for the technology providers starts with a technology comparison table to identify suitable technologies for different types of biomass ([[Anaerobic digestion#Technology providers|example on anaerobic digestion]]).

For help and manuals see the [[:Category:Manual|manuals]] category and/or take a look into the [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/w/images/f/f5/22-11-21_Tech4Biowaste_user-guide.pdf user guide] and [[Help:Company profile#User guide and tutorial videos|tutorial videos]]. For any further needed assistance please mailto:help@tech4biowaste.eu

== Database content ==
[[File:21-09-23 Tech4Biowaste database structure.png|thumb|Visualisation of the overall database structure]]
The filling of the database is an ongoing process (wiki-style) and will also be done after the project ends. The first focus is on the description and factsheets for the technologies of bio-waste conversion as listed below.

=== Technologies ===
* [[Pre-processing]]
* [[Conversion]]
* [[Post-processing]]

=== Feedstocks ([[biowaste]]) ===
* [[Food waste]]
* [[Garden and park waste]]

=== Products ===
* [[Chemicals]]
* [[Energy and fuels]]
* [[Food ingredients]]
* [[Materials]]

== Partner projects ==
* [[Pilots4U Database]]
* [[nova-Institut_für_politische_und_ökologische_Innovation_GmbH#Renewable_Carbon_Initiative_(RCI)|Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI)]]
* [https://www.bioeconomyventures.eu/ BioeconomyVentures]

== Other interesting projects ==
* [[Other projects]]
</div>
</div>

<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">

'''''Where we are'''<br/>
At this stage of the project, the Wiki is in preparation and will be opened in several steps:
* First, for a test panel of evaluators {{OK}}
* At the moment, for a community that can provide information on the aimed technologies {{OK}}
* '''In the last phase, it will be made available to the interested public'''

'''''Want to get involved?'''<br/>
You can actively contribute to this database by implementing your technology and company profile as well as writing on the articles. If you are not familiar with working in Wiki-environments we will offer training sessions on a regular base.'' '''Please contact us under: mailto:info@tech4biowaste.eu'''

The database content will be determined jointly with actors across the bio-waste value chain. Technology searchers can analyse and compare bio-waste valorisation technologies.
</div>
</div>

__NOTOC__

Main Page

2023-02-08T09:58:17Z

Achim Raschka: /* Partner projects */

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<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">
[[File:21-04-27 Tech4Biowaste rect-p.png|center|300px|Tech4Biowaste project logo]]

</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">
'''TECH4BIOWASTE''' – A DYNAMIC DATABASE OF RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES OF BIO-WASTE UTILISATION

The '''Tech4Biowaste project''' provides the bio-based industry with a complete overview of existing and emerging technologies for biowaste utilisation and valorisation. The technology database contain up-to-date information and is accessible to everybody. It will be helpful for a large number of stakeholders in and after the project duration and will provide information and technical details on the technologies for interested stakeholders and provide a platform for technology providers to show innovative technologies.

This Wiki collects and showcases technologies for the utilisation of bio-wastes. [[Tech4Biowaste:About|Find out more]].

== How to work with the wiki ==
The Tech4Biowaste wiki provides information on technologies to utilise biowastes and showcases technology providers. There are several ways to use the wiki depending on your needs. If you are searching for technologies you can use the integrated search on the top of this page but you also can use some tools provided by the consortium.

The [[decision support tool]] (DST) will help technology searchers to find a suitable technology to process specific feedstocks into specific products.

The [[glossary]] gives an overview on terms used in the area of biowaste utilisation and it only includes small paragraphs and definitions on the listed topics.

On the technology pages you also will find you will find a description of the specific technologies available together with profiles of the different technology providers. The section for the technology providers starts with a technology comparison table to identify suitable technologies for different types of biomass ([[Anaerobic digestion#Technology providers|example on anaerobic digestion]]).

For help and manuals see the [[:Category:Manual|manuals]] category and/or take a look into the [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/w/images/f/f5/22-11-21_Tech4Biowaste_user-guide.pdf user guide] and [[Help:Company profile#User guide and tutorial videos|tutorial videos]]. For any further needed assistance please mailto:help@tech4biowaste.eu

== Database content ==
[[File:21-09-23 Tech4Biowaste database structure.png|thumb|Visualisation of the overall database structure]]
The filling of the database is an ongoing process (wiki-style) and will also be done after the project ends. The first focus is on the description and factsheets for the technologies of bio-waste conversion as listed below.

=== Technologies ===
* [[Pre-processing]]
* [[Conversion]]
* [[Post-processing]]

=== Feedstocks ([[biowaste]]) ===
* [[Food waste]]
* [[Garden and park waste]]

=== Products ===
* [[Chemicals]]
* [[Energy and fuels]]
* [[Food ingredients]]
* [[Materials]]

== Partner projects ==
* [[Pilots4U Database]]
* [[nova-Institut_für_politische_und_ökologische_Innovation_GmbH#Renewable_Carbon_Initiative_(RCI)|Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI)]]

== Other interesting projects ==
* [[Other projects]]
</div>
</div>

<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">

'''''Where we are'''<br/>
At this stage of the project, the Wiki is in preparation and will be opened in several steps:
* First, for a test panel of evaluators {{OK}}
* At the moment, for a community that can provide information on the aimed technologies {{OK}}
* '''In the last phase, it will be made available to the interested public'''

'''''Want to get involved?'''<br/>
You can actively contribute to this database by implementing your technology and company profile as well as writing on the articles. If you are not familiar with working in Wiki-environments we will offer training sessions on a regular base.'' '''Please contact us under: mailto:info@tech4biowaste.eu'''

The database content will be determined jointly with actors across the bio-waste value chain. Technology searchers can analyse and compare bio-waste valorisation technologies.
</div>
</div>

__NOTOC__

Main Page

2023-02-08T09:56:47Z

Achim Raschka:

<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">
[[File:21-04-27 Tech4Biowaste rect-p.png|center|300px|Tech4Biowaste project logo]]

</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">
'''TECH4BIOWASTE''' – A DYNAMIC DATABASE OF RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES OF BIO-WASTE UTILISATION

The '''Tech4Biowaste project''' provides the bio-based industry with a complete overview of existing and emerging technologies for biowaste utilisation and valorisation. The technology database contain up-to-date information and is accessible to everybody. It will be helpful for a large number of stakeholders in and after the project duration and will provide information and technical details on the technologies for interested stakeholders and provide a platform for technology providers to show innovative technologies.

This Wiki collects and showcases technologies for the utilisation of bio-wastes. [[Tech4Biowaste:About|Find out more]].

== How to work with the wiki ==
The Tech4Biowaste wiki provides information on technologies to utilise biowastes and showcases technology providers. There are several ways to use the wiki depending on your needs. If you are searching for technologies you can use the integrated search on the top of this page but you also can use some tools provided by the consortium.

The [[decision support tool]] (DST) will help technology searchers to find a suitable technology to process specific feedstocks into specific products.

The [[glossary]] gives an overview on terms used in the area of biowaste utilisation and it only includes small paragraphs and definitions on the listed topics.

On the technology pages you also will find you will find a description of the specific technologies available together with profiles of the different technology providers. The section for the technology providers starts with a technology comparison table to identify suitable technologies for different types of biomass ([[Anaerobic digestion#Technology providers|example on anaerobic digestion]]).

For help and manuals see the [[:Category:Manual|manuals]] category and/or take a look into the [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/w/images/f/f5/22-11-21_Tech4Biowaste_user-guide.pdf user guide] and [[Help:Company profile#User guide and tutorial videos|tutorial videos]]. For any further needed assistance please mailto:help@tech4biowaste.eu

== Database content ==
[[File:21-09-23 Tech4Biowaste database structure.png|thumb|Visualisation of the overall database structure]]
The filling of the database is an ongoing process (wiki-style) and will also be done after the project ends. The first focus is on the description and factsheets for the technologies of bio-waste conversion as listed below.

=== Technologies ===
* [[Pre-processing]]
* [[Conversion]]
* [[Post-processing]]

=== Feedstocks ([[biowaste]]) ===
* [[Food waste]]
* [[Garden and park waste]]

=== Products ===
* [[Chemicals]]
* [[Energy and fuels]]
* [[Food ingredients]]
* [[Materials]]

== Partner projects ==
* [[Pilots4U Database]]
* [https://renewable-carbon-community.com Renewable Carbon Community (RCC)]
* [[nova-Institut_für_politische_und_ökologische_Innovation_GmbH#Renewable_Carbon_Initiative_(RCI)|Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI)]]

== Other interesting projects ==
* [[Other projects]]
</div>
</div>

<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">

'''''Where we are'''<br/>
At this stage of the project, the Wiki is in preparation and will be opened in several steps:
* First, for a test panel of evaluators {{OK}}
* At the moment, for a community that can provide information on the aimed technologies {{OK}}
* '''In the last phase, it will be made available to the interested public'''

'''''Want to get involved?'''<br/>
You can actively contribute to this database by implementing your technology and company profile as well as writing on the articles. If you are not familiar with working in Wiki-environments we will offer training sessions on a regular base.'' '''Please contact us under: mailto:info@tech4biowaste.eu'''

The database content will be determined jointly with actors across the bio-waste value chain. Technology searchers can analyse and compare bio-waste valorisation technologies.
</div>
</div>

__NOTOC__

Main Page

2023-02-08T08:53:45Z

Achim Raschka:

<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">
[[File:21-04-27 Tech4Biowaste rect-p.png|center|300px|Tech4Biowaste project logo]]

</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">
'''TECH4BIOWASTE''' – A DYNAMIC DATABASE OF RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES OF BIO-WASTE UTILISATION

The '''Tech4Biowaste project''' provides the bio-based industry with a complete overview of existing and emerging technologies for biowaste utilisation and valorisation. The technology database contain up-to-date information and is accessible to everybody. It will be helpful for a large number of stakeholders in and after the project duration and will provide information and technical details on the technologies for interested stakeholders and provide a platform for technology providers to show innovative technologies.

This Wiki collects and showcases technologies for the utilisation of bio-wastes. [[Tech4Biowaste:About|Find out more]].

== Help, manual, and tutorial videos ==
For help and manuals see the [[:Category:Manual|manuals]] category and/or take a look into the [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/w/images/f/f5/22-11-21_Tech4Biowaste_user-guide.pdf user guide] and [[Help:Company profile#User guide and tutorial videos|tutorial videos]]. For any further needed assistance please mailto:help@tech4biowaste.eu

== Database content ==
[[File:21-09-23 Tech4Biowaste database structure.png|thumb|Visualisation of the overall database structure]]
The filling of the database is an ongoing process (wiki-style). The first focus is on the description and factsheets for the technologies of bio-waste conversion as listed below. All pages are work in progress ...

=== Technologies ===
* [[Pre-processing]]
* [[Conversion]]
* [[Post-processing]]

=== Feedstocks ([[biowaste]]) ===
* [[Food waste]]
* [[Garden and park waste]]

=== Products ===
* [[Chemicals]]
* [[Energy and fuels]]
* [[Food ingredients]]
* [[Materials]]

== Decision Support Tool ==
The [[Decision support tool]] (DST) will help technology searchers to find a suitable technology to process specific feedstocks into specific products.

== Glossary ==
The [[glossary]] gives an overview on terms used in the area of biowaste utilisation and it only includes small paragraphs and definitions on the listed topics.

== Partner projects ==
* [[Pilots4U Database]]
* [https://renewable-carbon-community.com Renewable Carbon Community (RCC)]
* [[nova-Institut_für_politische_und_ökologische_Innovation_GmbH#Renewable_Carbon_Initiative_(RCI)|Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI)]]

== Other interesting projects ==
* [[Other projects]]
</div>
</div>

<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; padding:12px;">
<div style="background-color:#f4f5f6; border:1px solid #2e520b; font-size:95%; padding:0.5em 1em 1em 1em;">

'''''Where we are'''<br/>
At this stage of the project, the Wiki is in preparation and will be opened in several steps:
* First, for a test panel of evaluators {{OK}}
* At the moment, for a community that can provide information on the aimed technologies {{OK}}
* '''In the last phase, it will be made available to the interested public'''

'''''Want to get involved?'''<br/>
You can actively contribute to this database by implementing your technology and company profile as well as writing on the articles. If you are not familiar with working in Wiki-environments we will offer training sessions on a regular base.'' '''Please contact us under: mailto:info@tech4biowaste.eu'''

The database content will be determined jointly with actors across the bio-waste value chain. Technology searchers can analyse and compare bio-waste valorisation technologies.
</div>
</div>

__NOTOC__

Drying

2022-10-24T13:56:02Z

Achim Raschka: /* Company 1 */

{{Infobox technology
| Feedstock = Biowaste including liquids
| Product = Dry biomass
|Name=Drying|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]]), [[Post-processing]] ([[Post-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]])}}
<onlyinclude>

'''Drying''' technologies are based on the vaporisation/evaporation or sublimation of different liquids or solids under different gas atmospheres and physical conditions resulting in dry products or products with a desired humidity.

</onlyinclude>

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===

=== Pre-treatment ===
In view of the energy costs involved in drying, this technology is of limited use in pre-treatment. The need to dry biomass feedstocks before they can for example be gasified, can place a large energy and capital cost burden on small-to-medium scale biomass gasification plants for the production of heat and power. Drying may not always be unavoidable, but as biomass moisture content to the gasifier increases, the quality of the product gas deteriorates along with the overall performance of the whole system.

== Process and technologies ==

=== Air drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under an oxygen atmosphere. The exchange of oxygen with low humidity accelerates this process, but may lead to an (unwanted) oxidation of the product.

=== Nitrogen drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under an nitrogen atmosphere. The exchange of nitrogen accelerates this process. Since nitrogen is an inert gas, unwanted reactions such as oxidation of the product are avoided.

=== Freeze drying ===
Also known as lyophilisation. The technology represents a low temperature and pressure dehydration process that involves freezing the product, lowering pressure ("vacuum"), then removing the ice by sublimation and condensing.

=== Thermal drying ===
Process that involves the vaporisation/evaporation of liquids through the application of heat under different atmospheres. With increasing application of heat, the process can be accelerated. Very high temperatures may lead to unwanted reactions of the product. Examples for thermal drying technologies are flash (pneumatic) drying, radiative drying, solar drying, drum drying, and supercritical drying.

=== Vacuum drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under a vacuum atmosphere. The vacuum atmosphere allows the evaporation of liquids at lower temperatures than under atmospheric pressure.

== Product ==

=== Post-treatment ===
Drying is a widely used process in industry worldwide, with many different reasons: to save weight, to make transport easier, to extend the shelf life of food, to obtain a product that can be further processed, etc.

The importance of drying efficiency has increased significantly due to high energy costs and increasingly stringent customer quality requirements.

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| City
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Processable volume [L]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Processable mass [kg]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Temperature [°C]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Pressure [Bar]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|[[Drying#Company_1|Company 1]]
|Germany
|Cologne
|Freeze drying
|Powerdry 5000
|9
|0.00138
|100
|1
| -20
|0.0004
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
|-
|[[Drying#Company_2|Company 2]]
|France
|Paris
|Nitrogen drying
|Nitrodry
|9
|0.003
|0.5
|0.5
|20
|1
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
|}

=== Andritz ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company= Andritz|Country=Austria, Sweden
|Contact=Andritz AB, Sweden, Kvarnvägen, SE-351 87 Växjö; Email: flakt.drying{at}andritz.com
|Webpage=https://www.andritz.com|Image=Anditz Logo.png
|Technology name= ANDRITZ |TRL= Commercial |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biomass, sawdust|Product=dried biomass}}

'''Andritz''' is an international technology group providing plants, systems, equipment, and services for various industries. The company is one of the technology and global market leaders in the hydropower business, the pulp and paper industry, the metal working and steel industries, and in solid/liquid separation in the municipal and industrial segments. The listed Group is headquartered in Graz, Austria. Since its foundation 170 years ago, Andritz has developed into a Group with approximately 27,400 employees, and more than 280 locations in over 40 countries worldwide.

ANDRITZ offers several different drying technologies to match the application and heat source available, mainly for pulp and paper industries. The different technologies are:
* Rotary drum
* Belt dryer
* Pneumatic
* Fluidbed
Information: [https://www.andritz.com/products-en/group/pulp-and-paper/power-generation/biomass-handling-systems/biomass-drying Andritz biomass drying]

=== Dorset Group ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company= Dorset Group|Country=The Netherlands
|Contact=Dorset Green Machines BV, Weverij 26, 7122 MS Aalten, The Netherlands; Email: gm[at]dorset.nu
|Webpage=https://www.dorset.nu|Image=Dorset Group logo.jpg
|Technology name= Dorset Drying|TRL= Commercial |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biomass, sawdust|Product=dried biomass}}

'''Dorset''' was founded in 1984 for the import of Daltec feeding systems for pig feeding. In late eighties and early nineties more divisions were founded that started the development and production of a variety of machinery and electronic products. Today the group consists of two divisions, each with their own development and production. The group is globally active with a headquarters in the Netherlands.

Dorset offers drying technologies for several biomass streams like digestate, sewage sludge or mixed biomass. It has a lot of experience with drying several biomass materials incl. grass, compost, fats and food residues. The warm air required for the use of a conveyor belt dryer, can be supplied by the use of either warm stable air or air heated in another way.

Information: [https://www.dorset.nu/green-machines/products/dorset-dryers/ Dorset dryers], [https://www.dorset.nu/green-machines/solutions/drying-biomass/ Biomass solutions]

=== Mastershred GmbH ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company=Mastershred GmbH|Country=Germany
|Contact=Raphael Barth, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-140, Email: barth(at)mastershred.de
Michael Schubert, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-70, Email: schubert(at)mastershred.de
|Webpage=https://mastershred.de/|Image=Mastershred Wort logo.png
|Technology name= Mastershred |TRL= |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biowaste|Product=
- Bio-Liquid for methane production
- dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy}}

'''Mastershred''' offers a technology to valorize biowaste for energy supply. With a mobile compact plant in the size of a container they use novel shredding and squeezing process to produce three fractions from the biowaste:
* a bio-Liquid for methane production
* pressed material for composting, soil improvement or peat replacement
* dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=106&field_technology_area_target_id%5B77%5D=77&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database (Drying)]

[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=106&field_technology_area_target_id%5B78%5D=78&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database (Evaporation)]

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Post-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Drying

2022-10-24T13:55:12Z

Achim Raschka: /* Andritz */

{{Infobox technology
| Feedstock = Biowaste including liquids
| Product = Dry biomass
|Name=Drying|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]]), [[Post-processing]] ([[Post-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]])}}
<onlyinclude>

'''Drying''' technologies are based on the vaporisation/evaporation or sublimation of different liquids or solids under different gas atmospheres and physical conditions resulting in dry products or products with a desired humidity.

</onlyinclude>

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===

=== Pre-treatment ===
In view of the energy costs involved in drying, this technology is of limited use in pre-treatment. The need to dry biomass feedstocks before they can for example be gasified, can place a large energy and capital cost burden on small-to-medium scale biomass gasification plants for the production of heat and power. Drying may not always be unavoidable, but as biomass moisture content to the gasifier increases, the quality of the product gas deteriorates along with the overall performance of the whole system.

== Process and technologies ==

=== Air drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under an oxygen atmosphere. The exchange of oxygen with low humidity accelerates this process, but may lead to an (unwanted) oxidation of the product.

=== Nitrogen drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under an nitrogen atmosphere. The exchange of nitrogen accelerates this process. Since nitrogen is an inert gas, unwanted reactions such as oxidation of the product are avoided.

=== Freeze drying ===
Also known as lyophilisation. The technology represents a low temperature and pressure dehydration process that involves freezing the product, lowering pressure ("vacuum"), then removing the ice by sublimation and condensing.

=== Thermal drying ===
Process that involves the vaporisation/evaporation of liquids through the application of heat under different atmospheres. With increasing application of heat, the process can be accelerated. Very high temperatures may lead to unwanted reactions of the product. Examples for thermal drying technologies are flash (pneumatic) drying, radiative drying, solar drying, drum drying, and supercritical drying.

=== Vacuum drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under a vacuum atmosphere. The vacuum atmosphere allows the evaporation of liquids at lower temperatures than under atmospheric pressure.

== Product ==

=== Post-treatment ===
Drying is a widely used process in industry worldwide, with many different reasons: to save weight, to make transport easier, to extend the shelf life of food, to obtain a product that can be further processed, etc.

The importance of drying efficiency has increased significantly due to high energy costs and increasingly stringent customer quality requirements.

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| City
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Processable volume [L]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Processable mass [kg]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Temperature [°C]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Pressure [Bar]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|[[Drying#Company_1|Company 1]]
|Germany
|Cologne
|Freeze drying
|Powerdry 5000
|9
|0.00138
|100
|1
| -20
|0.0004
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
|-
|[[Drying#Company_2|Company 2]]
|France
|Paris
|Nitrogen drying
|Nitrodry
|9
|0.003
|0.5
|0.5
|20
|1
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
|}

=== Company 1 ===
{{Infobox provider-drying}}
Description of company 1

=== Andritz ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company= Andritz|Country=Austria, Sweden
|Contact=Andritz AB, Sweden, Kvarnvägen, SE-351 87 Växjö; Email: flakt.drying{at}andritz.com
|Webpage=https://www.andritz.com|Image=Anditz Logo.png
|Technology name= ANDRITZ |TRL= Commercial |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biomass, sawdust|Product=dried biomass}}

'''Andritz''' is an international technology group providing plants, systems, equipment, and services for various industries. The company is one of the technology and global market leaders in the hydropower business, the pulp and paper industry, the metal working and steel industries, and in solid/liquid separation in the municipal and industrial segments. The listed Group is headquartered in Graz, Austria. Since its foundation 170 years ago, Andritz has developed into a Group with approximately 27,400 employees, and more than 280 locations in over 40 countries worldwide.

ANDRITZ offers several different drying technologies to match the application and heat source available, mainly for pulp and paper industries. The different technologies are:
* Rotary drum
* Belt dryer
* Pneumatic
* Fluidbed
Information: [https://www.andritz.com/products-en/group/pulp-and-paper/power-generation/biomass-handling-systems/biomass-drying Andritz biomass drying]

=== Dorset Group ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company= Dorset Group|Country=The Netherlands
|Contact=Dorset Green Machines BV, Weverij 26, 7122 MS Aalten, The Netherlands; Email: gm[at]dorset.nu
|Webpage=https://www.dorset.nu|Image=Dorset Group logo.jpg
|Technology name= Dorset Drying|TRL= Commercial |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biomass, sawdust|Product=dried biomass}}

'''Dorset''' was founded in 1984 for the import of Daltec feeding systems for pig feeding. In late eighties and early nineties more divisions were founded that started the development and production of a variety of machinery and electronic products. Today the group consists of two divisions, each with their own development and production. The group is globally active with a headquarters in the Netherlands.

Dorset offers drying technologies for several biomass streams like digestate, sewage sludge or mixed biomass. It has a lot of experience with drying several biomass materials incl. grass, compost, fats and food residues. The warm air required for the use of a conveyor belt dryer, can be supplied by the use of either warm stable air or air heated in another way.

Information: [https://www.dorset.nu/green-machines/products/dorset-dryers/ Dorset dryers], [https://www.dorset.nu/green-machines/solutions/drying-biomass/ Biomass solutions]

=== Mastershred GmbH ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company=Mastershred GmbH|Country=Germany
|Contact=Raphael Barth, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-140, Email: barth(at)mastershred.de
Michael Schubert, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-70, Email: schubert(at)mastershred.de
|Webpage=https://mastershred.de/|Image=Mastershred Wort logo.png
|Technology name= Mastershred |TRL= |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biowaste|Product=
- Bio-Liquid for methane production
- dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy}}

'''Mastershred''' offers a technology to valorize biowaste for energy supply. With a mobile compact plant in the size of a container they use novel shredding and squeezing process to produce three fractions from the biowaste:
* a bio-Liquid for methane production
* pressed material for composting, soil improvement or peat replacement
* dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=106&field_technology_area_target_id%5B77%5D=77&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database (Drying)]

[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=106&field_technology_area_target_id%5B78%5D=78&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database (Evaporation)]

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Post-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

File:Dorset Group logo.jpg

2022-10-24T13:54:38Z

Achim Raschka: Uploaded a work by Dorset Group from https://www.dorset.nu with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=Dorset Group logo}}
|date=2022-10-24
|source=https://www.dorset.nu
|author=Dorset Group
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{logo}}

This file was uploaded with the UploadWizard extension.

[[Category:Logo]]
[[Category:Uploaded with UploadWizard]]

Drying

2022-10-24T13:33:39Z

Achim Raschka: /* Mastershred GmbH */

{{Infobox technology
| Feedstock = Biowaste including liquids
| Product = Dry biomass
|Name=Drying|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]]), [[Post-processing]] ([[Post-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]])}}
<onlyinclude>

'''Drying''' technologies are based on the vaporisation/evaporation or sublimation of different liquids or solids under different gas atmospheres and physical conditions resulting in dry products or products with a desired humidity.

</onlyinclude>

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===

=== Pre-treatment ===
In view of the energy costs involved in drying, this technology is of limited use in pre-treatment. The need to dry biomass feedstocks before they can for example be gasified, can place a large energy and capital cost burden on small-to-medium scale biomass gasification plants for the production of heat and power. Drying may not always be unavoidable, but as biomass moisture content to the gasifier increases, the quality of the product gas deteriorates along with the overall performance of the whole system.

== Process and technologies ==

=== Air drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under an oxygen atmosphere. The exchange of oxygen with low humidity accelerates this process, but may lead to an (unwanted) oxidation of the product.

=== Nitrogen drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under an nitrogen atmosphere. The exchange of nitrogen accelerates this process. Since nitrogen is an inert gas, unwanted reactions such as oxidation of the product are avoided.

=== Freeze drying ===
Also known as lyophilisation. The technology represents a low temperature and pressure dehydration process that involves freezing the product, lowering pressure ("vacuum"), then removing the ice by sublimation and condensing.

=== Thermal drying ===
Process that involves the vaporisation/evaporation of liquids through the application of heat under different atmospheres. With increasing application of heat, the process can be accelerated. Very high temperatures may lead to unwanted reactions of the product. Examples for thermal drying technologies are flash (pneumatic) drying, radiative drying, solar drying, drum drying, and supercritical drying.

=== Vacuum drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under a vacuum atmosphere. The vacuum atmosphere allows the evaporation of liquids at lower temperatures than under atmospheric pressure.

== Product ==

=== Post-treatment ===
Drying is a widely used process in industry worldwide, with many different reasons: to save weight, to make transport easier, to extend the shelf life of food, to obtain a product that can be further processed, etc.

The importance of drying efficiency has increased significantly due to high energy costs and increasingly stringent customer quality requirements.

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| City
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Processable volume [L]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Processable mass [kg]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Temperature [°C]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Pressure [Bar]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|[[Drying#Company_1|Company 1]]
|Germany
|Cologne
|Freeze drying
|Powerdry 5000
|9
|0.00138
|100
|1
| -20
|0.0004
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
|-
|[[Drying#Company_2|Company 2]]
|France
|Paris
|Nitrogen drying
|Nitrodry
|9
|0.003
|0.5
|0.5
|20
|1
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
|}

=== Company 1 ===
{{Infobox provider-drying}}
Description of company 1

=== Andritz ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company= Andritz|Country=Austria, Sweden
|Contact=Andritz AB, Sweden, Kvarnvägen, SE-351 87 Växjö; Email: flakt.drying{at}andritz.com
|Webpage=https://www.andritz.com|Image=Anditz Logo.png
|Technology name= ANDRITZ |TRL= Commercial |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biomass, sawdust|Product=dried biomass}}

'''Andritz''' is an international technology group providing plants, systems, equipment, and services for various industries. The company is one of the technology and global market leaders in the hydropower business, the pulp and paper industry, the metal working and steel industries, and in solid/liquid separation in the municipal and industrial segments. The listed Group is headquartered in Graz, Austria. Since its foundation 170 years ago, Andritz has developed into a Group with approximately 27,400 employees, and more than 280 locations in over 40 countries worldwide.

ANDRITZ offers several different drying technologies to match the application and heat source available, mainly for pulp and paper industries. The different technologies are:
* Rotary drum
* Belt dryer
* Pneumatic
* Fluidbed
Information: [https://www.andritz.com/products-en/group/pulp-and-paper/power-generation/biomass-handling-systems/biomass-drying Andritz biomass drying]

=== Mastershred GmbH ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company=Mastershred GmbH|Country=Germany
|Contact=Raphael Barth, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-140, Email: barth(at)mastershred.de
Michael Schubert, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-70, Email: schubert(at)mastershred.de
|Webpage=https://mastershred.de/|Image=Mastershred Wort logo.png
|Technology name= Mastershred |TRL= |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biowaste|Product=
- Bio-Liquid for methane production
- dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy}}

'''Mastershred''' offers a technology to valorize biowaste for energy supply. With a mobile compact plant in the size of a container they use novel shredding and squeezing process to produce three fractions from the biowaste:
* a bio-Liquid for methane production
* pressed material for composting, soil improvement or peat replacement
* dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=106&field_technology_area_target_id%5B77%5D=77&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database (Drying)]

[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=106&field_technology_area_target_id%5B78%5D=78&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database (Evaporation)]

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Post-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

File:Anditz Logo.png

2022-10-24T13:32:32Z

Achim Raschka: Uploaded a work by Andritz from https://www.andritz.com with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=Anditz Logo}}
|date=2022-10-24
|source=https://www.andritz.com
|author=Andritz
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{logo}}

This file was uploaded with the UploadWizard extension.

[[Category:Logo]]
[[Category:Uploaded with UploadWizard]]

Insect farming

2022-10-24T12:48:27Z

Achim Raschka: /* Technology providers */

{{Infobox technology
|Name=Insect farming
|Category=[[Conversion]] ([[Conversion#Biochemical_processes_and_technologies|Biochemical processes and technologies]])
|Feedstock = Food waste, garden & park waste
|Product = Insect protein, fertilizer, insects for biological pest control or crop pollination, silk, dyes, pharmceutical, ingredients for cosmetic and other uses
}}
[[File:Rhynchophorus ferrugineus - edible larvae of Red Palm weevil.jpg|alt=Picture showing edible grub on hand and in bowl, palm leaves in the background|thumb|Rhynchophorus ferrugineus – edible larvae of Red Palm Weevil]]

<onlyinclude>'''Insect farming''' involves breeding, rearing and harvesting insects for animal feed, human consumption, biological pest control, crop pollination, products like silk or dyes, pharmceutical, cosmetic and other uses. The diversity of insect species includes groups highly specialized in their ability to thrive on different organic substrates as food sources. Some of these substrates resemble [[food waste]]<nowiki/>s form agriculture and food processing industries. This is also referred to as '''insect-based bioconversion''' and represents an economically and environmentally viable method for turning large quantities of food waste into valuable materials.</onlyinclude>
[[File:Skewered locusts.jpg|alt=Picture showing skewered locusts on sticks on the street|thumb|Skewered locusts in Donghuamen, Beijing, China]]

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===
Insects can be fed a mix of by- and co-products from the agri-food industries and with resources which are currently not being used and not or no longer destined for human consumption, such as the so-called 'former foodstuff'. The by- and co-products may also include those derived from grains, starch, fruit and vegetable supply chains (e.g., bran, distillers grain, unsold fruit and vegetables, including peels) as well as products arising from food manufacturing processes. Highly cellulosic diets are possible.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Crickets Are Not a Free Lunch: Protein Capture from Scalable Organic Side-Streams via High-Density Populations of Acheta domesticus|year=2015-04-15|author=Mark E. Lundy, Michael P. Parrella|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=4|page=e0118785|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0118785}}</ref>

Vassileios Varelas describes the requirements of insect feed as follows: "In general, the major macronutrients required for insect mass production are (a) carbohydrates, which serve as an energy pool but are also required for configuration of chitin (exoskeleton of arthropods), (b) lipids (mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic), which are the main structural components of the cell membrane, and also store and supply metabolic energy during periods of sustained demands and help conserve water in the arthropod cuticle, and (c) the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, lysine, arginine, methionine, histidine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, which insects cannot synthesize, and tyrosine, proline, serine, cysteine, glycine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, which insects can synthesize, but in insufficient quantities at high energy consumption. The essential micronutrients in insect rearing are (a) sterols, which insects cannot synthesize, (b) vitamins, and (c) minerals."<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Food Wastes as a Potential new Source for Edible Insect Mass Production for Food and Feed: A review|year=2019-09-02|author=Varelas|journal=Fermentation|volume=5|issue=3|page=81|doi=10.3390/fermentation5030081}}</ref>

=== Pre-treatment ===
The feedstock can be untreated by- or co-products from the agri-food industries or food wastes. Possible pre-treatments include, among others, pasteurisation, [[Enzymatic processes|enzymatic digestion]], addition of nutrients or dry yeast<ref name=":0" />, pre-[[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]], [[drying]] and shredding. Microbial pre-[[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]] can be used to stabilise the feedstock and increase food safety. It can also enhance the digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients to the insect larvae as most nutrients present in agricultural residue or byproducts are found in insoluble form.<ref name=":1" /> Vassileios Varelas describes possible pre-treatments in relation to the texture of the feed and the feeding habits of the farmed insects: "Liquid diets can be used after encapsulation using different materials (paraffin, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene) to mimic artificial eggs, a treatment step needed for their containment and presentation, while liquids and slurries can be [[Drying|dried]] and concentrated so that [they] can be dissolved in water or mixed with other ingredients. Semi-liquids are used in pellet or extruded form which can be ingested by insects with biting mouthparts and also by insects with sucking mouthparts. Solids are presented as a feed mash with [[Sizing#Grinding|grinding]] and mixing of all raw materials, after pelleting of various raw materials or by extrusion. Solids can also be encapsulated with complex coacervation technology using proteins and polysaccharides."<ref name=":1" />

== Process and technologies ==

=== Process ===
Insect-based bioconversion of [[Biowaste|organic waste]] is the controlled breakdown of an initial feedstock ([[Biowaste|organic waste]]) into insect biomass and frass (waste residuals), with the latter consisting of predominantly insect frass and to a lesser extent, shed exoskeletons, dead insect parts, and potentially uneaten feedstock. The process of insect-based bioconversion mirrors the natural breakdown of organic matter in ecosystems.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lim, S. L., Lee, L. H., & Wu, T.Y.|year=2016|title=Sustainability of using composting and vermicomposting technologies for organic solid waste biotransformation: Recent overview, greenhouse gases emissions and economic analysis|journal=Journal of Cleaner Production|volume=111|page=262-278|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.083}}</ref> In such systems, naturally ocurring insects, earthworms, a wide range of other invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria colonize and break down waste, converting the nutrients for their own metabolic and reproductive needs.

Under controlled conditions, the species responsible for the decomposition process can be regulated and the ambient conditions can be optimised to favour the growth and bioconversion by the given species. As species there is a already a range of insects in place: mealworms, black soldier flies, termites ....

== Products ==
Value may be produced at multiple steps in the bioconversion process. For instance, value can be gained from the elemination of the initial waste itself (disposal fees), sales of insect biomass for food and feed, sales of the living insects for various purposes, sales from fractionated secondary products (i.e., chitin, proteins, and lipids), and sales of the remaining bioconverted waste for soil amendments. Applications are very diverse, for example the use of the ''Tenebrio molitor'' mealworm to biodegrade polystyrene in the environment or the use of ''Lucilia sericata'' (common green bottlefly) as a biological indicator of post-mortem interval (PMI), in human pathology, while the allantoin secreted by ''Lucilia sericata'' larvae is used in the treatment of osteomyelitis.<ref name=":1" />

=== Post-treatment ===
Common post-treatments are the [[extraction]] of compounds, such as proteins or lipids, and the some treatments that can prolong shelf-life of the product. As post-treatments of edible insects, Vassileios Varelas mentions [[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]], [[sizing]], roasting, [[drying]] and acidification: "Fermentation of the produced edible insect orders to increase the product’s shelf-life and minimize the microbial risks for the consumers associated with edible insect consumption. Successful acidification and effectiveness in product’s safeguarding shelf-life and safety was achieved by the control of Enterobacteria and bacterial spores after lactic fermentation of flour/water mixtures with 10% or 20% powdered roasted mealworm larvae. Techniques such as drying, acidifying, and lactic fermentation can preserve edible insects and insect products without the use of a refrigerator."<ref name=":1" />

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Farming area [m<sup>2</sup>/organism]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_1|Company 1]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}
=== Ynsect ===
{{Infobox provider-insect farming|Company=Ynsect|Webpage=https://www.ynsect.com|Country=France|Technology name=Ynsect|TRL=8-9|Contact=contact@ynsect.com|Technology category=Insect farming| Organism=Molitor Mealworm (''Tenebrio molitor''), Buffalo Mealworm (''Alphitobius diaperinus'')|Feedstock=Food waste, local agrifood by-products|Product=Insect based fertilizer, insect oil, insect protein}}

Ynsect was founded in 2011 in Paris, France by scientists and environmental activists. Their core business is to transform insects into high-value ingredients for pets, fish, plants, and humans. Ynsect uses proprietary technology to produce Molitor and Buffalo mealworms in vertical farms. Ynsect is currently building its third production unit, the largest vertical farm in the world, in Amiens, France and operates two sites in Dole, France (since 2016) and Ermelo, The Netherlands (since 2017). The vertical farm, which will be based in Amiens Metropole, will be the first and largest fully automated industrial unit which will produce insect proteins. It is co-financed by the European Comission and Bio-Based Industries Joint Undertaking (BBI-JU) up to €20 millions. The production capacity is estimated to be 200.000 tonnes of protein per year<ref>Microsoft Word - Ynsect_Final_June2019_Updated.docx</ref>. The Protifarm<ref>{{Cite web|year=2021|title=Protifarm|e-pub date=2021|date accessed=20-9-2021|url=https://www.protifarm.com}}</ref> production site, situated in Ermerlo, The Netherlands, is dedicated to breeding the buffalo mealworm. This vertical farm produces more than 1000 tons of ingredients.

=== NextAlim ===
{{Infobox provider-insect farming|Company=NextAlim|Webpage=https://www.nextalim.com|Country=France|Contact=info@nextalim.com|Technology category=Insect rearing|Organism=Black Soldier Fly (''Hermetia illucens'')|Capacity=2.4 tonnes of eggs per year|Product=BSF eggs, BSF neonates, BSF larvae}}

NextAlim was founded in 2014, and has expertise in Black Soldier Fly (BSF) genetics and BSF breeding operations. They specialize in neonates multiplication at an industrial scale. NextAlim provides actors of the insect protein industry with young animals, ready for rearing, such as eggs, neonates or 7 day old larvae (7DOL). Their industrial plant is located in Poitiers (France) where they develop, test and implement technology solutions to breed BSF.

=== Protix ===
{{Infobox provider-insect farming|Company=Protix|Image=Logo PROTIX.png|Webpage=https://protix.eu|Country=The Netherlands|Contact=sales@protix.eu|Technology category=Insect rearing|Organism=Black Soldier Fly (''Hermetia illucens'')|Capacity= |Product=Insect protein, insect oil, fertilizer, fish feed}}

Protix was founded 2009 and is market leader when it comes to verifiable and scalable insect breeding. The black soldier fly (''Hermetia illucens'') is a key player: their larvae provide us with a unique source of protein for food and feed. Protix established a high level of technology and operates on industrial scale. They have a strong focus on research and engineering to continuously further improve quality, controllability, efficiency and overall competitiveness. This project is financially supported by the European fund for regional development: OPZuid

=== Innovafeed ===

=== Hermetia ===

=== Insectum ===

=== Millibeter ===
Millibeter was partner in the EU-subsidised project InDIRECT. It is a producer of black soldier fly larvae

=== VITO ===
(EFRO Insect Pilot Plant)

=== Agronutris ===

=== ALIA Insect Farm ===

=== AMUSCA ===

=== Beta Bugs ===

=== Divaks ===

=== Ecofly ===

=== Feedect ===

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Conversion]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

File:Logo PROTIX.png

2022-10-24T12:46:33Z

Achim Raschka: Uploaded a work by Protix from https://www.protix.eu with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=Logo Protix}}
|date=2022-10-24
|source=https://www.protix.eu
|author=Protix
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{logo}}

This file was uploaded with the UploadWizard extension.

[[Category:Logo]]
[[Category:Uploaded with UploadWizard]]

Insect farming

2022-10-24T09:29:38Z

Achim Raschka: /* NextAlim */

{{Infobox technology
|Name=Insect farming
|Category=[[Conversion]] ([[Conversion#Biochemical_processes_and_technologies|Biochemical processes and technologies]])
|Feedstock = Food waste, garden & park waste
|Product = Insect protein, fertilizer, insects for biological pest control or crop pollination, silk, dyes, pharmceutical, ingredients for cosmetic and other uses
}}
[[File:Rhynchophorus ferrugineus - edible larvae of Red Palm weevil.jpg|alt=Picture showing edible grub on hand and in bowl, palm leaves in the background|thumb|Rhynchophorus ferrugineus – edible larvae of Red Palm Weevil]]

<onlyinclude>'''Insect farming''' involves breeding, rearing and harvesting insects for animal feed, human consumption, biological pest control, crop pollination, products like silk or dyes, pharmceutical, cosmetic and other uses. The diversity of insect species includes groups highly specialized in their ability to thrive on different organic substrates as food sources. Some of these substrates resemble [[food waste]]<nowiki/>s form agriculture and food processing industries. This is also referred to as '''insect-based bioconversion''' and represents an economically and environmentally viable method for turning large quantities of food waste into valuable materials.</onlyinclude>
[[File:Skewered locusts.jpg|alt=Picture showing skewered locusts on sticks on the street|thumb|Skewered locusts in Donghuamen, Beijing, China]]

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===
Insects can be fed a mix of by- and co-products from the agri-food industries and with resources which are currently not being used and not or no longer destined for human consumption, such as the so-called 'former foodstuff'. The by- and co-products may also include those derived from grains, starch, fruit and vegetable supply chains (e.g., bran, distillers grain, unsold fruit and vegetables, including peels) as well as products arising from food manufacturing processes. Highly cellulosic diets are possible.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Crickets Are Not a Free Lunch: Protein Capture from Scalable Organic Side-Streams via High-Density Populations of Acheta domesticus|year=2015-04-15|author=Mark E. Lundy, Michael P. Parrella|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=4|page=e0118785|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0118785}}</ref>

Vassileios Varelas describes the requirements of insect feed as follows: "In general, the major macronutrients required for insect mass production are (a) carbohydrates, which serve as an energy pool but are also required for configuration of chitin (exoskeleton of arthropods), (b) lipids (mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic), which are the main structural components of the cell membrane, and also store and supply metabolic energy during periods of sustained demands and help conserve water in the arthropod cuticle, and (c) the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, lysine, arginine, methionine, histidine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, which insects cannot synthesize, and tyrosine, proline, serine, cysteine, glycine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, which insects can synthesize, but in insufficient quantities at high energy consumption. The essential micronutrients in insect rearing are (a) sterols, which insects cannot synthesize, (b) vitamins, and (c) minerals."<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Food Wastes as a Potential new Source for Edible Insect Mass Production for Food and Feed: A review|year=2019-09-02|author=Varelas|journal=Fermentation|volume=5|issue=3|page=81|doi=10.3390/fermentation5030081}}</ref>

=== Pre-treatment ===
The feedstock can be untreated by- or co-products from the agri-food industries or food wastes. Possible pre-treatments include, among others, pasteurisation, [[Enzymatic processes|enzymatic digestion]], addition of nutrients or dry yeast<ref name=":0" />, pre-[[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]], [[drying]] and shredding. Microbial pre-[[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]] can be used to stabilise the feedstock and increase food safety. It can also enhance the digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients to the insect larvae as most nutrients present in agricultural residue or byproducts are found in insoluble form.<ref name=":1" /> Vassileios Varelas describes possible pre-treatments in relation to the texture of the feed and the feeding habits of the farmed insects: "Liquid diets can be used after encapsulation using different materials (paraffin, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene) to mimic artificial eggs, a treatment step needed for their containment and presentation, while liquids and slurries can be [[Drying|dried]] and concentrated so that [they] can be dissolved in water or mixed with other ingredients. Semi-liquids are used in pellet or extruded form which can be ingested by insects with biting mouthparts and also by insects with sucking mouthparts. Solids are presented as a feed mash with [[Sizing#Grinding|grinding]] and mixing of all raw materials, after pelleting of various raw materials or by extrusion. Solids can also be encapsulated with complex coacervation technology using proteins and polysaccharides."<ref name=":1" />

== Process and technologies ==

=== Process ===
Insect-based bioconversion of [[Biowaste|organic waste]] is the controlled breakdown of an initial feedstock ([[Biowaste|organic waste]]) into insect biomass and frass (waste residuals), with the latter consisting of predominantly insect frass and to a lesser extent, shed exoskeletons, dead insect parts, and potentially uneaten feedstock. The process of insect-based bioconversion mirrors the natural breakdown of organic matter in ecosystems.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lim, S. L., Lee, L. H., & Wu, T.Y.|year=2016|title=Sustainability of using composting and vermicomposting technologies for organic solid waste biotransformation: Recent overview, greenhouse gases emissions and economic analysis|journal=Journal of Cleaner Production|volume=111|page=262-278|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.083}}</ref> In such systems, naturally ocurring insects, earthworms, a wide range of other invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria colonize and break down waste, converting the nutrients for their own metabolic and reproductive needs.

Under controlled conditions, the species responsible for the decomposition process can be regulated and the ambient conditions can be optimised to favour the growth and bioconversion by the given species. As species there is a already a range of insects in place: mealworms, black soldier flies, termites ....

== Products ==
Value may be produced at multiple steps in the bioconversion process. For instance, value can be gained from the elemination of the initial waste itself (disposal fees), sales of insect biomass for food and feed, sales of the living insects for various purposes, sales from fractionated secondary products (i.e., chitin, proteins, and lipids), and sales of the remaining bioconverted waste for soil amendments. Applications are very diverse, for example the use of the ''Tenebrio molitor'' mealworm to biodegrade polystyrene in the environment or the use of ''Lucilia sericata'' (common green bottlefly) as a biological indicator of post-mortem interval (PMI), in human pathology, while the allantoin secreted by ''Lucilia sericata'' larvae is used in the treatment of osteomyelitis.<ref name=":1" />

=== Post-treatment ===
Common post-treatments are the [[extraction]] of compounds, such as proteins or lipids, and the some treatments that can prolong shelf-life of the product. As post-treatments of edible insects, Vassileios Varelas mentions [[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]], [[sizing]], roasting, [[drying]] and acidification: "Fermentation of the produced edible insect orders to increase the product’s shelf-life and minimize the microbial risks for the consumers associated with edible insect consumption. Successful acidification and effectiveness in product’s safeguarding shelf-life and safety was achieved by the control of Enterobacteria and bacterial spores after lactic fermentation of flour/water mixtures with 10% or 20% powdered roasted mealworm larvae. Techniques such as drying, acidifying, and lactic fermentation can preserve edible insects and insect products without the use of a refrigerator."<ref name=":1" />

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Farming area [m<sup>2</sup>/organism]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_1|Company 1]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}
=== Ynsect ===
{{Infobox provider-insect farming|Company=Ynsect|Webpage=https://www.ynsect.com|Country=France|Technology name=Ynsect|TRL=8-9|Contact=contact@ynsect.com|Technology category=Insect farming| Organism=Molitor Mealworm (''Tenebrio molitor''), Buffalo Mealworm (''Alphitobius diaperinus'')|Feedstock=Food waste, local agrifood by-products|Product=Insect based fertilizer, insect oil, insect protein}}

Ynsect was founded in 2011 in Paris, France by scientists and environmental activists. Their core business is to transform insects into high-value ingredients for pets, fish, plants, and humans. Ynsect uses proprietary technology to produce Molitor and Buffalo mealworms in vertical farms. Ynsect is currently building its third production unit, the largest vertical farm in the world, in Amiens, France and operates two sites in Dole, France (since 2016) and Ermelo, The Netherlands (since 2017). The vertical farm, which will be based in Amiens Metropole, will be the first and largest fully automated industrial unit which will produce insect proteins. It is co-financed by the European Comission and Bio-Based Industries Joint Undertaking (BBI-JU) up to €20 millions. The production capacity is estimated to be 200.000 tonnes of protein per year<ref>Microsoft Word - Ynsect_Final_June2019_Updated.docx</ref>. The Protifarm<ref>{{Cite web|year=2021|title=Protifarm|e-pub date=2021|date accessed=20-9-2021|url=https://www.protifarm.com}}</ref> production site, situated in Ermerlo, The Netherlands, is dedicated to breeding the buffalo mealworm. This vertical farm produces more than 1000 tons of ingredients.

=== NextAlim ===
{{Infobox provider-insect farming|Company=NextAlim|Webpage=https://www.nextalim.com|Country=France|Contact=info@nextalim.com|Technology category=Insect rearing|Organism=Black Soldier Fly (''Hermetia illucens'')|Capacity=2.4 tonnes of eggs per year|Product=BSF eggs, BSF neonates, BSF larvae}}

NextAlim was founded in 2014, and has expertise in Black Soldier Fly (BSF) genetics and BSF breeding operations. They specialize in neonates multiplication at an industrial scale. NextAlim provides actors of the insect protein industry with young animals, ready for rearing, such as eggs, neonates or 7 day old larvae (7DOL). Their industrial plant is located in Poitiers (France) where they develop, test and implement technology solutions to breed BSF.

=== Protix ===

=== Innovafeed ===

=== Hermetia ===

=== Insectum ===

=== Millibeter ===
Millibeter was partner in the EU-subsidised project InDIRECT. It is a producer of black soldier fly larvae

=== VITO ===
(EFRO Insect Pilot Plant)

=== Agronutris ===

=== ALIA Insect Farm ===

=== AMUSCA ===

=== Beta Bugs ===

=== Divaks ===

=== Ecofly ===

=== Feedect ===

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Conversion]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Insect farming

2022-10-24T09:28:21Z

Achim Raschka: /* Ynsect */

{{Infobox technology
|Name=Insect farming
|Category=[[Conversion]] ([[Conversion#Biochemical_processes_and_technologies|Biochemical processes and technologies]])
|Feedstock = Food waste, garden & park waste
|Product = Insect protein, fertilizer, insects for biological pest control or crop pollination, silk, dyes, pharmceutical, ingredients for cosmetic and other uses
}}
[[File:Rhynchophorus ferrugineus - edible larvae of Red Palm weevil.jpg|alt=Picture showing edible grub on hand and in bowl, palm leaves in the background|thumb|Rhynchophorus ferrugineus – edible larvae of Red Palm Weevil]]

<onlyinclude>'''Insect farming''' involves breeding, rearing and harvesting insects for animal feed, human consumption, biological pest control, crop pollination, products like silk or dyes, pharmceutical, cosmetic and other uses. The diversity of insect species includes groups highly specialized in their ability to thrive on different organic substrates as food sources. Some of these substrates resemble [[food waste]]<nowiki/>s form agriculture and food processing industries. This is also referred to as '''insect-based bioconversion''' and represents an economically and environmentally viable method for turning large quantities of food waste into valuable materials.</onlyinclude>
[[File:Skewered locusts.jpg|alt=Picture showing skewered locusts on sticks on the street|thumb|Skewered locusts in Donghuamen, Beijing, China]]

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===
Insects can be fed a mix of by- and co-products from the agri-food industries and with resources which are currently not being used and not or no longer destined for human consumption, such as the so-called 'former foodstuff'. The by- and co-products may also include those derived from grains, starch, fruit and vegetable supply chains (e.g., bran, distillers grain, unsold fruit and vegetables, including peels) as well as products arising from food manufacturing processes. Highly cellulosic diets are possible.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Crickets Are Not a Free Lunch: Protein Capture from Scalable Organic Side-Streams via High-Density Populations of Acheta domesticus|year=2015-04-15|author=Mark E. Lundy, Michael P. Parrella|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=4|page=e0118785|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0118785}}</ref>

Vassileios Varelas describes the requirements of insect feed as follows: "In general, the major macronutrients required for insect mass production are (a) carbohydrates, which serve as an energy pool but are also required for configuration of chitin (exoskeleton of arthropods), (b) lipids (mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic), which are the main structural components of the cell membrane, and also store and supply metabolic energy during periods of sustained demands and help conserve water in the arthropod cuticle, and (c) the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, lysine, arginine, methionine, histidine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, which insects cannot synthesize, and tyrosine, proline, serine, cysteine, glycine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, which insects can synthesize, but in insufficient quantities at high energy consumption. The essential micronutrients in insect rearing are (a) sterols, which insects cannot synthesize, (b) vitamins, and (c) minerals."<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Food Wastes as a Potential new Source for Edible Insect Mass Production for Food and Feed: A review|year=2019-09-02|author=Varelas|journal=Fermentation|volume=5|issue=3|page=81|doi=10.3390/fermentation5030081}}</ref>

=== Pre-treatment ===
The feedstock can be untreated by- or co-products from the agri-food industries or food wastes. Possible pre-treatments include, among others, pasteurisation, [[Enzymatic processes|enzymatic digestion]], addition of nutrients or dry yeast<ref name=":0" />, pre-[[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]], [[drying]] and shredding. Microbial pre-[[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]] can be used to stabilise the feedstock and increase food safety. It can also enhance the digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients to the insect larvae as most nutrients present in agricultural residue or byproducts are found in insoluble form.<ref name=":1" /> Vassileios Varelas describes possible pre-treatments in relation to the texture of the feed and the feeding habits of the farmed insects: "Liquid diets can be used after encapsulation using different materials (paraffin, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene) to mimic artificial eggs, a treatment step needed for their containment and presentation, while liquids and slurries can be [[Drying|dried]] and concentrated so that [they] can be dissolved in water or mixed with other ingredients. Semi-liquids are used in pellet or extruded form which can be ingested by insects with biting mouthparts and also by insects with sucking mouthparts. Solids are presented as a feed mash with [[Sizing#Grinding|grinding]] and mixing of all raw materials, after pelleting of various raw materials or by extrusion. Solids can also be encapsulated with complex coacervation technology using proteins and polysaccharides."<ref name=":1" />

== Process and technologies ==

=== Process ===
Insect-based bioconversion of [[Biowaste|organic waste]] is the controlled breakdown of an initial feedstock ([[Biowaste|organic waste]]) into insect biomass and frass (waste residuals), with the latter consisting of predominantly insect frass and to a lesser extent, shed exoskeletons, dead insect parts, and potentially uneaten feedstock. The process of insect-based bioconversion mirrors the natural breakdown of organic matter in ecosystems.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lim, S. L., Lee, L. H., & Wu, T.Y.|year=2016|title=Sustainability of using composting and vermicomposting technologies for organic solid waste biotransformation: Recent overview, greenhouse gases emissions and economic analysis|journal=Journal of Cleaner Production|volume=111|page=262-278|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.083}}</ref> In such systems, naturally ocurring insects, earthworms, a wide range of other invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria colonize and break down waste, converting the nutrients for their own metabolic and reproductive needs.

Under controlled conditions, the species responsible for the decomposition process can be regulated and the ambient conditions can be optimised to favour the growth and bioconversion by the given species. As species there is a already a range of insects in place: mealworms, black soldier flies, termites ....

== Products ==
Value may be produced at multiple steps in the bioconversion process. For instance, value can be gained from the elemination of the initial waste itself (disposal fees), sales of insect biomass for food and feed, sales of the living insects for various purposes, sales from fractionated secondary products (i.e., chitin, proteins, and lipids), and sales of the remaining bioconverted waste for soil amendments. Applications are very diverse, for example the use of the ''Tenebrio molitor'' mealworm to biodegrade polystyrene in the environment or the use of ''Lucilia sericata'' (common green bottlefly) as a biological indicator of post-mortem interval (PMI), in human pathology, while the allantoin secreted by ''Lucilia sericata'' larvae is used in the treatment of osteomyelitis.<ref name=":1" />

=== Post-treatment ===
Common post-treatments are the [[extraction]] of compounds, such as proteins or lipids, and the some treatments that can prolong shelf-life of the product. As post-treatments of edible insects, Vassileios Varelas mentions [[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]], [[sizing]], roasting, [[drying]] and acidification: "Fermentation of the produced edible insect orders to increase the product’s shelf-life and minimize the microbial risks for the consumers associated with edible insect consumption. Successful acidification and effectiveness in product’s safeguarding shelf-life and safety was achieved by the control of Enterobacteria and bacterial spores after lactic fermentation of flour/water mixtures with 10% or 20% powdered roasted mealworm larvae. Techniques such as drying, acidifying, and lactic fermentation can preserve edible insects and insect products without the use of a refrigerator."<ref name=":1" />

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Farming area [m<sup>2</sup>/organism]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_1|Company 1]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}
=== Ynsect ===
{{Infobox provider-insect farming|Company=Ynsect|Webpage=https://www.ynsect.com|Country=France|Technology name=Ynsect|TRL=8-9|Contact=contact@ynsect.com|Technology category=Insect farming| Organism=Molitor Mealworm (''Tenebrio molitor''), Buffalo Mealworm (''Alphitobius diaperinus'')|Feedstock=Food waste, local agrifood by-products|Product=Insect based fertilizer, insect oil, insect protein}}

Ynsect was founded in 2011 in Paris, France by scientists and environmental activists. Their core business is to transform insects into high-value ingredients for pets, fish, plants, and humans. Ynsect uses proprietary technology to produce Molitor and Buffalo mealworms in vertical farms. Ynsect is currently building its third production unit, the largest vertical farm in the world, in Amiens, France and operates two sites in Dole, France (since 2016) and Ermelo, The Netherlands (since 2017). The vertical farm, which will be based in Amiens Metropole, will be the first and largest fully automated industrial unit which will produce insect proteins. It is co-financed by the European Comission and Bio-Based Industries Joint Undertaking (BBI-JU) up to €20 millions. The production capacity is estimated to be 200.000 tonnes of protein per year<ref>Microsoft Word - Ynsect_Final_June2019_Updated.docx</ref>. The Protifarm<ref>{{Cite web|year=2021|title=Protifarm|e-pub date=2021|date accessed=20-9-2021|url=https://www.protifarm.com}}</ref> production site, situated in Ermerlo, The Netherlands, is dedicated to breeding the buffalo mealworm. This vertical farm produces more than 1000 tons of ingredients.

=== NextAlim ===
{{Infobox provider-insect farming|Company=NextAlim|Webpage=https://www.nextalim.com|Country=France|Contact=info@nextalim.com|Technology category=Insect rearing|Capacity=2.4 tonnes of eggs per year|Product=BSF eggs, BSF neonates, BSF larvae}}
NextAlim was founded in 2014, and has expertise in Black Soldier Fly (BSF) genetics and BSF breeding operations. They specialize in neonates multiplication at an industrial scale. NextAlim provides actors of the insect protein industry with young animals, ready for rearing, such as eggs, neonates or 7 day old larvae (7DOL). Their industrial plant is located in Poitiers (France) where they develop, test and implement technology solutions to breed BSF.

=== Protix ===

=== Innovafeed ===

=== Hermetia ===

=== Insectum ===

=== Millibeter ===
Millibeter was partner in the EU-subsidised project InDIRECT. It is a producer of black soldier fly larvae

=== VITO ===
(EFRO Insect Pilot Plant)

=== Agronutris ===

=== ALIA Insect Farm ===

=== AMUSCA ===

=== Beta Bugs ===

=== Divaks ===

=== Ecofly ===

=== Feedect ===

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Conversion]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Centrifugation

2022-10-24T09:05:48Z

Achim Raschka: + 2*Alfa Laval

{{Infobox technology
| Feedstock = All materials
| Category = [[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]]), [[Post-processing]] ([[Post-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]])
| Product = Separated products
|Name= Centrifugation}}
<onlyinclude>'''Centrifugation''' is a mechanical separation process which involves the use of the centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution or liquids of different densities according to particle size, shape, density, viscosity and rotor speed. The more dense components of the mixture migrate away from the axis of the centrifuge, while the less dense components of the mixture migrate towards the axis. Next to the separation of solids from liquid, it is possible to obtain separation between two liquids of different densities as well, given that the density difference is large enough.</onlyinclude>

==Feedstock==
[[File:Centrifuga_Hermle_2.jpg|thumb|upright|Laboratory centrifuge]]
[[File:How centrifuge works.png|thumb|Testtube with precipitate (pellet) and supernatant after centrifugation|150x150px]]
=== Origin and composition ===
The centrifugation method is used to separate two miscible substances. The most common application is the separation of solids from highly concentrated suspensions, which is used in the treatment of sewage sludges for dewatering where less consistent sediment is produced. In the food industries, special centrifuges can process a continuous stream of particle-laden liquid.

=== Pre-treatment ===
For a centrifugation, in general no specific pre-treatment is needed since it is used to separate different fractions within a process chain. Sometimes it is combined with other separation technologies like [[filtration]].

==Process and technologies==
There is a correlation between the size and density of a particle and the speed at which the particle separates from a heterogeneous mixture, when the only force applied is gravity. The larger the size and the larger the density of the particles, the faster they separate from the mixture. By applying a larger effective gravitational force to the mixture, like a centrifuge does, the separation of the particles is accelerated. This way, in industrial and lab settings, particles that would naturally separate over a long period of time can be separated much faster.

The centrifugation speed is specified by the angular velocity, usually expressed as revolutions per minute (rpm), or acceleration expressed as ''g''. The conversion factor between rpm and ''g'' depends on the radius of the centrifuge rotor. The particles' settling velocity in centrifugation is a function of their size and shape, centrifugal acceleration, the volume fraction of solids present, the density difference between the particle and the liquid, and the viscosity.

The sedimentation of particles can be explained by Stoke's law. The equation can be used to calculate the velocity of sedimentation based on five parameters:
[[File:Stokes-equation.jpg|center]][[File:HD.16.088 (12523557255).jpg|alt=Picture showing basket centrifuge for the continuous collection of algae in 1966|thumb|Basket centrifuge for the continuous collection of algae in 1966|312x312px]]From the Stokes equation, five important behaviours of particles can be explained:

#The rate of particle sedimentation is proportional to the particle size
#The sedimentation rate is proportional to the difference in density between the particle and the medium.
#The sedimentation rate is zero when the particle density is the same as the medium density.
#The sedimentation rate decreases as the medium viscosity increases.
#The sedimentation rate increases as the gravitational force increases.

=== Disc-stack centrifugation ===
Disc-stack centrifugation is used for removing suspended solids from a liquid having a lower specific gravity than the solids. The solids content of the feed is usually in the range of 0.1-10 V/V%.
=== Basket centrifugation ===
Basket centrifuges are often called centrifugal filters or clarifiers. The basket centrifuge uses centrifugal force to generate a pressure which forces the liquid through the caked solids, the filter cloth, the backing screen, and finally the basket perforations. The filter cloth retains the solid particles inside the rotating basket while the permeating liquid is continuously discharged.
[[File:Solid Bowl Centrifuge 3.png|alt=Solid Bowl Centrifuge – A drawing showing the principle|thumb|Solid Bowl Centrifuge]]

=== Solid bowl centrifugation ===
The Solid Bowl centrifugation principle is schematically shown in the picture on the right. "Solid bowl centrifuges (SBCs), also known as decanter centrifuges, are widely used for various solid-liquid separation tasks, owing to its high-efficiency, small machine footprint and good continuity in production. In the SBC, once the slurry is fed through the centre-positioned feed pipe, solids can rapidly settle onto the drum wall and these settled solids are further dewatered on the conical section of the SBC before being discharged from the product chute. The clarified liquid, so-called effluent, overflows through the bowl weir."<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Measurement of solids concentration in aqueous slurries for monitoring the solids recovery in solid bowl centrifugation|year=2021-08-15|author=Changzhi Bai, Hangil Park, Liguang Wang|journal=Minerals Engineering|volume=170|page=107068|doi=10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107068}}</ref>

==Products ==
The remaining liquid is called supernatant or supernate. The solids or pellets and the supernatant can be the final product or can be further processed.

=== Post-treatment===
The post-treatment of the precipitate and/or the supernatant is depending on the next steps within the production chain. A typical next step is to dry the solids for further processing.

== Technology providers==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Processable volume [L]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Relative centrifugal force [g]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_1|Company 1]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}

=== Alfa Laval ===
{{Infobox provider-centrifugation|Company=Alfa Laval Corporate AB|Country=Sweden
|Contact=
|Webpage=https://www.alfalaval.com|Image=Logo Alfa Laval.png
|Technology name= AlfaPure|Feedstock=water and oil-based liquids|Product=seperated fractions
|TRL=commercial|Capacity=900-2000,<br/> 600-3000,<br/> 5000–7000|Temperature=0-80 (15-100)
}}

Alfa Laval is a leading global provider of first-rate products in the areas of heat transfer, separation and fluid handling. With these as its base, Alfa Laval aims to help enhance the productivity and competitiveness of its customers in various industries throughout the world. We define their challenges and deliver sustainable products and solutions that meet their requirements – mainly in energy, the environment, food and the marine industry.

* [https://www.alfalaval.com/globalassets/documents/products/separation/centrifugal-separators/disc-stack-separators/alfapures2_productleaflet_efu00129en.pdf Technical Details AlfaPure S2]
* [https://www.alfalaval.com/globalassets/documents/products/separation/centrifugal-separators/disc-stack-separators/alfapures3_productleaflet_efu00185en.pdf Technical Details AlfaPure S3]
* [https://www.alfalaval.com/globalassets/documents/products/separation/centrifugal-separators/separators/alfapure/product_leaflet_alfapure_s7_separator_and_system_en.pdf Technical Details AlfaPure S7]

=== Alfa Laval ===
{{Infobox provider-centrifugation|Company=Alfa Laval Corporate AB|Country=Sweden
|Contact=
|Webpage=https://www.alfalaval.com|Image=Logo Alfa Laval.png
|Technology name=Alfie|Feedstock=from water-based industrial fluids, coolants|Product=seperated / cleaned fractions
|TRL=commercial|Capacity=230-280|Temperature=5–50
}}

Alfa Laval is a leading global provider of first-rate products in the areas of heat transfer, separation and fluid handling. With these as its base, Alfa Laval aims to help enhance the productivity and competitiveness of its customers in various industries throughout the world. We define their challenges and deliver sustainable products and solutions that meet their requirements – mainly in energy, the environment, food and the marine industry.

Alfie is a simple to use separator: Turnkey, portable, small footprint, centrifugal disc stack separators that remove contaminating oil, grease and solid particles from water-based industrial fluids such as coolants and wash liquids.

* [https://www.alfalaval.com/globalassets/documents/products/separation/centrifugal-separators/disc-stack-separators/product-leaflet/efu00038en_lowres-3.pdf Technical Details Alfie 200]

===Company name===
{{Infobox provider-centrifugation}}
The company description goes here.

==Open access pilot and demo facility providers==
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=105&field_technology_area_target_id%5B70%5D=70&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database]

==Patents==
Currently no patents have been identified.

==References==
*[[:en:Centrifugation|Centrifugation]] in Wikipedia
*[[:en:Centrifuge|Centrifuge]] in Wikipedia

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Post-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Template:Infobox provider-centrifugation

2022-10-24T08:57:26Z

Achim Raschka:

{| class="wikitable" width=750px style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Centrifugation provider
|- class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen"
|colspan=4 align=center style="border: 1px solid black;" |'''General information'''
|-class="cd-background-beige"
|-class="cd-background-beige"
| style="width: 10%"|Company:|| style="width: 50%" colspan="2" | {{{Company|}}}|| style="width: 40%" rowspan="4" align=center|{{#if: {{{Image|}}} | [[Image:{{{Image}}}|200x100px]]|[[Image:21-04-27_Tech4Biowaste_rect-p.png|200x100px]]}}
|- class="cd-background-beige"
| Country:|| colspan="2" | {{{Country|}}}
|- class="cd-background-beige"
| Contact:|| colspan="2"|{{{Contact|}}}
|- class="cd-background-beige"
|style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"| Webpage:|| colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"| {{{Webpage|}}}
|- class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen"
|colspan=4 align=center style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black;" |'''Technology and process details'''
|- class="cd-background-beige"
|Technology name: || {{{Technology name|}}}|| style="width: 10%" | Technology category: || style="width: 40%" | [[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]]), [[Post-processing]] ([[Post-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]])
|- class="cd-background-beige"
| TRL:|| {{{TRL|}}}|| Capacity:||{{{Capacity|}}} l·h<sup>-1</sup>
|- class="cd-background-beige"
| Processable volume:|| {{{processablevolume|}}} L|| Relative centrifugal force:|| {{{Relative centrifugal force|}}} g
|- class="cd-background-beige"
| Rotor type:|| {{{Rotor type|}}} || Temperature:|| {{{Temperature|}}} °C
|- class="cd-background-beige"
|style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"| ||style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"| {{{|}}} ||style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"| Other:||style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"| {{{Other|}}}
|- class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen"
|colspan=4 align=center style="border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black;" |'''Feedstock and product details'''
|- class="cd-background-beige"
| Feedstock:|| {{{Feedstock|}}}||Product:|| {{{Product|}}}
|}

File:Logo Alfa Laval.png

2022-10-24T08:41:14Z

Achim Raschka: Uploaded a work by Alfa Laval from https://www.alfalaval.com with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=Logo Alfa Laval}}
|date=2022-10-24
|source=https://www.alfalaval.com
|author=Alfa Laval
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{logo}}

This file was uploaded with the UploadWizard extension.

[[Category:Logo]]
[[Category:Uploaded with UploadWizard]]

Drying

2022-10-24T08:27:58Z

Achim Raschka: /* Mastershred GmbH */

{{Infobox technology
| Feedstock = Biowaste including liquids
| Product = Dry biomass
|Name=Drying|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]]), [[Post-processing]] ([[Post-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]])}}
<onlyinclude>

'''Drying''' technologies are based on the vaporisation/evaporation or sublimation of different liquids or solids under different gas atmospheres and physical conditions resulting in dry products or products with a desired humidity.

</onlyinclude>

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===

=== Pre-treatment ===
In view of the energy costs involved in drying, this technology is of limited use in pre-treatment. The need to dry biomass feedstocks before they can for example be gasified, can place a large energy and capital cost burden on small-to-medium scale biomass gasification plants for the production of heat and power. Drying may not always be unavoidable, but as biomass moisture content to the gasifier increases, the quality of the product gas deteriorates along with the overall performance of the whole system.

== Process and technologies ==

=== Air drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under an oxygen atmosphere. The exchange of oxygen with low humidity accelerates this process, but may lead to an (unwanted) oxidation of the product.

=== Nitrogen drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under an nitrogen atmosphere. The exchange of nitrogen accelerates this process. Since nitrogen is an inert gas, unwanted reactions such as oxidation of the product are avoided.

=== Freeze drying ===
Also known as lyophilisation. The technology represents a low temperature and pressure dehydration process that involves freezing the product, lowering pressure ("vacuum"), then removing the ice by sublimation and condensing.

=== Thermal drying ===
Process that involves the vaporisation/evaporation of liquids through the application of heat under different atmospheres. With increasing application of heat, the process can be accelerated. Very high temperatures may lead to unwanted reactions of the product. Examples for thermal drying technologies are flash (pneumatic) drying, radiative drying, solar drying, drum drying, and supercritical drying.

=== Vacuum drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under a vacuum atmosphere. The vacuum atmosphere allows the evaporation of liquids at lower temperatures than under atmospheric pressure.

== Product ==

=== Post-treatment ===
Drying is a widely used process in industry worldwide, with many different reasons: to save weight, to make transport easier, to extend the shelf life of food, to obtain a product that can be further processed, etc.

The importance of drying efficiency has increased significantly due to high energy costs and increasingly stringent customer quality requirements.

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| City
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Processable volume [L]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Processable mass [kg]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Temperature [°C]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Pressure [Bar]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|[[Drying#Company_1|Company 1]]
|Germany
|Cologne
|Freeze drying
|Powerdry 5000
|9
|0.00138
|100
|1
| -20
|0.0004
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
|-
|[[Drying#Company_2|Company 2]]
|France
|Paris
|Nitrogen drying
|Nitrodry
|9
|0.003
|0.5
|0.5
|20
|1
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
|}

=== Company 1 ===
{{Infobox provider-drying}}
Description of company 1

=== Mastershred GmbH ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company=Mastershred GmbH|Country=Germany
|Contact=Raphael Barth, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-140, Email: barth(at)mastershred.de
Michael Schubert, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-70, Email: schubert(at)mastershred.de
|Webpage=https://mastershred.de/|Image=Mastershred Wort logo.png
|Technology name= Mastershred |TRL= |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biowaste|Product=
- Bio-Liquid for methane production
- dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy}}

'''Mastershred''' offers a technology to valorize biowaste for energy supply. With a mobile compact plant in the size of a container they use novel shredding and squeezing process to produce three fractions from the biowaste:
* a bio-Liquid for methane production
* pressed material for composting, soil improvement or peat replacement
* dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=106&field_technology_area_target_id%5B77%5D=77&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database (Drying)]

[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=106&field_technology_area_target_id%5B78%5D=78&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database (Evaporation)]

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Post-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Sizing

2022-10-24T08:25:45Z

Achim Raschka: /* Technology providers */

{{Infobox technology
| Feedstock = straws, wood, wastes
| Product =Flowable small-sized biomass
|Name= Sizing|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Physical_processes_and_technologies|Physical processes and technologies]]), [[Post-processing]] ([[Post-processing#Physical_processes_and_technologies|Physical processes and technologies]])}}
<onlyinclude>'''Sizing''' is a mechanical process that aims to reduce the particle size and crystallinity and to increase the specific surface area of biowaste to promote further processing of the substrate.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Quanguo Zhang, Chao He, Jingzheng Ren, Michael Goodsite|year=2021|book_title=Waste to renewable biohydrogen. Volume 1, Advances in theory and experiments|publisher=Elsevier Inc.|place=Amsterdam|ISBN=978-0-12-821659-0}}</ref> This is achieved by eliminating mass and heat transfer limitation during the required reaction. It is a very efficient technique, but a major drawback is the high energy input.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Muhammad H. Rashid|year=2015|book_title=Electric renewable energy systems|publisher=Elsevier Inc.|place=London, UK|ISBN=978-0-12-800636-8}}</ref> Moreover, sizing makes the biomass easier to handle and allows it to flow. Sizing includes chipping, extrusion, grinding, and milling as base technologies. </onlyinclude>

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===
Sizing is a pre-treatment technology for nearly all biowaste materials that consist of large particles like straws, wood pieces, plant fibres and other materials. It is needed to prepare smaller particles that can be processed in further steps.

=== Pre-treatment ===
Sizing is often performed as a first step in the process and requires no other pre-treatment. It is, however, not uncommon to first perform a coarse grinding before a fine grinding into smaller particles. Moreover, extrusion and milling are commonly combined with another sizing pre-treatment such as grinding.

== Process and technologies==
Sizing technologies normally are divided into chipping, extrusion, grinding, and milling technologies:

=== Chipping ===
For chipping normally a chipper machine is used that consists of sharp cutting knives, which cut bigger parts into smaller chips. This is used e.g. for wood materials, straws, mixed garden residues and other feedstock that can be cut by a knife. Chippers are susceptible to knife wear from high soil content, metal contamination, rocks and stone, so the base feedstock normally needs to be cleaned before chipping. The size of the resulting materials is typically 10–30 mm after chipping.
=== Extrusion ===
Extrusion is a continuous process that can handle a wide range of feedstocks, including viscous and complex fluids, and powders. The feedstock is heated and forced through an opening called 'die'. The feedstock is forced through the die by one or two screws in a heated barrel, the extruder.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Clive Maier|year=1998|book_title=Polypropylene : the definitive user's guide and databook|publisher=Plastics Design Library|place=Norwich, NY|ISBN=978-0-8155-1867-9}}</ref>
=== Grinding ===
There are two types of grinding: coarse grinding, which can then be followed by fine grinding. Normally a grinder is used to crack bigger parts into smaller particles. The size of the resulting materials is typically 0.2–2 mm. Grinding is achieved by shearing and/or friction and the effect is achieved by multiple comminution in an increasingly narrowing grinding gap, which can usually be varied by axial displacement of a rotor or stator. The frequently tested process variables are screen size, angular velocity, time, feed rate, type, feed size, load, moisture content, and process.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tumuluru JS, Heikkila DJ|year=2019|title=Biomass Grinding Process Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology and a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm|journal=Bioengineering|volume=12|issue=6, no. 1|page=1-12|doi=10.3390/bioengineering6010012}}</ref>
=== Milling ===
[[File:Hammer mill open front full.jpg|alt=Hammer mill|thumb|Hammer mill]]
Milling combines several mechanical stresses, such as compression, friction, impact, and shear. The combination of these stresses reduce the particle size, crystallinity, and degree of polymerisation, making the biowaste more accessible for further processing. However, milling is energy intensive and has a high capital cost. The required energy can be reduced by combining milling with other processes.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ball milling as an important pretreatment technique in lignocellulose biorefineries: a review|year=2021-08-12|author=Yalew Woldeamanuel Sitotaw, Nigus G. Habtu, Abaynesh Yihdego Gebreyohannes, Suzana P. Nunes, Tom Van Gerven|journal=Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery|doi=10.1007/s13399-021-01800-7}}</ref>

== Product ==
Products of sizing processes are chips, small particles or meals that can directly be used for further processing.

=== Post-treatment ===

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Cooling system available
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_1|Company 1]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}
=== WEIMA ===
{{Infobox provider-sizing|Company=WEIMA|Country=Germany|Contact=info@weima.com|Webpage=https://weima.com|TRL=9|Technology name=Holzwolf|Feedstock=Wood|Product=Wood chips|Image=Weima.png|Size (feedstock)=1875x900x1630-3375x900x1630}}
WEIMA offers, among other things, shredders, briquette presses and packaging presses. The shredders and compactors are produced in Germany. At the sites in Ilsfeld, Abstatt (Baden-Württemberg) and Annaburg (Saxony-Anhalt), the 300-strong team builds more than 1,200 customer solutions per year on more than 44,000 m² for worldwide use.

=== ANDRITZ ===

=== Mastershred GmbH ===
{{Infobox provider-sizing|Company=Mastershred GmbH|Country=Germany
|Contact=Raphael Barth, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-140, Email: barth(at)mastershred.de
Michael Schubert, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-70, Email: schubert(at)mastershred.de
|Webpage=https://mastershred.de/|Image=Mastershred Wort logo.png
|Technology name= Mastershred|Feedstock=mixed biowaste|Product=
- Bio-Liquid for methane production
- dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy|Size (feedstock)= }}

'''Mastershred''' offers a technology to valorize biowaste for energy supply. With a mobile compact plant in the size of a container they use novel shredding and squeezing process to produce three fractions from the biowaste:
* a bio-Liquid for methane production
* pressed material for composting, soil improvement or peat replacement
* dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=107&field_technology_area_target_id%5B88%5D=88&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database]

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Post-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Sizing

2022-10-24T08:22:56Z

Achim Raschka: /* Mastershred GmbH */

{{Infobox technology
| Feedstock = straws, wood, wastes
| Product =Flowable small-sized biomass
|Name= Sizing|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Physical_processes_and_technologies|Physical processes and technologies]]), [[Post-processing]] ([[Post-processing#Physical_processes_and_technologies|Physical processes and technologies]])}}
<onlyinclude>'''Sizing''' is a mechanical process that aims to reduce the particle size and crystallinity and to increase the specific surface area of biowaste to promote further processing of the substrate.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Quanguo Zhang, Chao He, Jingzheng Ren, Michael Goodsite|year=2021|book_title=Waste to renewable biohydrogen. Volume 1, Advances in theory and experiments|publisher=Elsevier Inc.|place=Amsterdam|ISBN=978-0-12-821659-0}}</ref> This is achieved by eliminating mass and heat transfer limitation during the required reaction. It is a very efficient technique, but a major drawback is the high energy input.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Muhammad H. Rashid|year=2015|book_title=Electric renewable energy systems|publisher=Elsevier Inc.|place=London, UK|ISBN=978-0-12-800636-8}}</ref> Moreover, sizing makes the biomass easier to handle and allows it to flow. Sizing includes chipping, extrusion, grinding, and milling as base technologies. </onlyinclude>

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===
Sizing is a pre-treatment technology for nearly all biowaste materials that consist of large particles like straws, wood pieces, plant fibres and other materials. It is needed to prepare smaller particles that can be processed in further steps.

=== Pre-treatment ===
Sizing is often performed as a first step in the process and requires no other pre-treatment. It is, however, not uncommon to first perform a coarse grinding before a fine grinding into smaller particles. Moreover, extrusion and milling are commonly combined with another sizing pre-treatment such as grinding.

== Process and technologies==
Sizing technologies normally are divided into chipping, extrusion, grinding, and milling technologies:

=== Chipping ===
For chipping normally a chipper machine is used that consists of sharp cutting knives, which cut bigger parts into smaller chips. This is used e.g. for wood materials, straws, mixed garden residues and other feedstock that can be cut by a knife. Chippers are susceptible to knife wear from high soil content, metal contamination, rocks and stone, so the base feedstock normally needs to be cleaned before chipping. The size of the resulting materials is typically 10–30 mm after chipping.
=== Extrusion ===
Extrusion is a continuous process that can handle a wide range of feedstocks, including viscous and complex fluids, and powders. The feedstock is heated and forced through an opening called 'die'. The feedstock is forced through the die by one or two screws in a heated barrel, the extruder.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Clive Maier|year=1998|book_title=Polypropylene : the definitive user's guide and databook|publisher=Plastics Design Library|place=Norwich, NY|ISBN=978-0-8155-1867-9}}</ref>
=== Grinding ===
There are two types of grinding: coarse grinding, which can then be followed by fine grinding. Normally a grinder is used to crack bigger parts into smaller particles. The size of the resulting materials is typically 0.2–2 mm. Grinding is achieved by shearing and/or friction and the effect is achieved by multiple comminution in an increasingly narrowing grinding gap, which can usually be varied by axial displacement of a rotor or stator. The frequently tested process variables are screen size, angular velocity, time, feed rate, type, feed size, load, moisture content, and process.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tumuluru JS, Heikkila DJ|year=2019|title=Biomass Grinding Process Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology and a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm|journal=Bioengineering|volume=12|issue=6, no. 1|page=1-12|doi=10.3390/bioengineering6010012}}</ref>
=== Milling ===
[[File:Hammer mill open front full.jpg|alt=Hammer mill|thumb|Hammer mill]]
Milling combines several mechanical stresses, such as compression, friction, impact, and shear. The combination of these stresses reduce the particle size, crystallinity, and degree of polymerisation, making the biowaste more accessible for further processing. However, milling is energy intensive and has a high capital cost. The required energy can be reduced by combining milling with other processes.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ball milling as an important pretreatment technique in lignocellulose biorefineries: a review|year=2021-08-12|author=Yalew Woldeamanuel Sitotaw, Nigus G. Habtu, Abaynesh Yihdego Gebreyohannes, Suzana P. Nunes, Tom Van Gerven|journal=Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery|doi=10.1007/s13399-021-01800-7}}</ref>

== Product ==
Products of sizing processes are chips, small particles or meals that can directly be used for further processing.

=== Post-treatment ===

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Cooling system available
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_1|Company 1]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}
=== WEIMA ===
{{Infobox provider-sizing|Company=WEIMA|Country=Germany|Contact=info@weima.com|Webpage=https://weima.com|TRL=9|Technology name=Holzwolf|Feedstock=Wood|Product=Wood chips|Image=Weima.png|Size (feedstock)=1875x900x1630-3375x900x1630}}
WEIMA offers, among other things, shredders, briquette presses and packaging presses. The shredders and compactors are produced in Germany. At the sites in Ilsfeld, Abstatt (Baden-Württemberg) and Annaburg (Saxony-Anhalt), the 300-strong team builds more than 1,200 customer solutions per year on more than 44,000 m² for worldwide use.

=== ANDRITZ ===

=== Mastershred GmbH ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company=Mastershred GmbH|Country=Germany
|Contact=Raphael Barth, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-140, Email: barth(at)mastershred.de
Michael Schubert, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-70, Email: schubert(at)mastershred.de
|Webpage=https://mastershred.de/|Image=Mastershred Wort logo.png
|Technology name=Sizing, Liquifying, Drying|TRL= |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biowaste|Product=
- Bio-Liquid for methane production
- dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy}}

'''Mastershred''' offers a technology to valorize biowaste for energy supply. With a mobile compact plant in the size of a container they use novel shredding and squeezing process to produce three fractions from the biowaste:
* a bio-Liquid for methane production
* pressed material for composting, soil improvement or peat replacement
* dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=107&field_technology_area_target_id%5B88%5D=88&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database]

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Post-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Sizing

2022-10-24T08:22:24Z

Achim Raschka: /* Mastershred GmbH */

{{Infobox technology
| Feedstock = straws, wood, wastes
| Product =Flowable small-sized biomass
|Name= Sizing|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Physical_processes_and_technologies|Physical processes and technologies]]), [[Post-processing]] ([[Post-processing#Physical_processes_and_technologies|Physical processes and technologies]])}}
<onlyinclude>'''Sizing''' is a mechanical process that aims to reduce the particle size and crystallinity and to increase the specific surface area of biowaste to promote further processing of the substrate.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Quanguo Zhang, Chao He, Jingzheng Ren, Michael Goodsite|year=2021|book_title=Waste to renewable biohydrogen. Volume 1, Advances in theory and experiments|publisher=Elsevier Inc.|place=Amsterdam|ISBN=978-0-12-821659-0}}</ref> This is achieved by eliminating mass and heat transfer limitation during the required reaction. It is a very efficient technique, but a major drawback is the high energy input.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Muhammad H. Rashid|year=2015|book_title=Electric renewable energy systems|publisher=Elsevier Inc.|place=London, UK|ISBN=978-0-12-800636-8}}</ref> Moreover, sizing makes the biomass easier to handle and allows it to flow. Sizing includes chipping, extrusion, grinding, and milling as base technologies. </onlyinclude>

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===
Sizing is a pre-treatment technology for nearly all biowaste materials that consist of large particles like straws, wood pieces, plant fibres and other materials. It is needed to prepare smaller particles that can be processed in further steps.

=== Pre-treatment ===
Sizing is often performed as a first step in the process and requires no other pre-treatment. It is, however, not uncommon to first perform a coarse grinding before a fine grinding into smaller particles. Moreover, extrusion and milling are commonly combined with another sizing pre-treatment such as grinding.

== Process and technologies==
Sizing technologies normally are divided into chipping, extrusion, grinding, and milling technologies:

=== Chipping ===
For chipping normally a chipper machine is used that consists of sharp cutting knives, which cut bigger parts into smaller chips. This is used e.g. for wood materials, straws, mixed garden residues and other feedstock that can be cut by a knife. Chippers are susceptible to knife wear from high soil content, metal contamination, rocks and stone, so the base feedstock normally needs to be cleaned before chipping. The size of the resulting materials is typically 10–30 mm after chipping.
=== Extrusion ===
Extrusion is a continuous process that can handle a wide range of feedstocks, including viscous and complex fluids, and powders. The feedstock is heated and forced through an opening called 'die'. The feedstock is forced through the die by one or two screws in a heated barrel, the extruder.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Clive Maier|year=1998|book_title=Polypropylene : the definitive user's guide and databook|publisher=Plastics Design Library|place=Norwich, NY|ISBN=978-0-8155-1867-9}}</ref>
=== Grinding ===
There are two types of grinding: coarse grinding, which can then be followed by fine grinding. Normally a grinder is used to crack bigger parts into smaller particles. The size of the resulting materials is typically 0.2–2 mm. Grinding is achieved by shearing and/or friction and the effect is achieved by multiple comminution in an increasingly narrowing grinding gap, which can usually be varied by axial displacement of a rotor or stator. The frequently tested process variables are screen size, angular velocity, time, feed rate, type, feed size, load, moisture content, and process.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tumuluru JS, Heikkila DJ|year=2019|title=Biomass Grinding Process Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology and a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm|journal=Bioengineering|volume=12|issue=6, no. 1|page=1-12|doi=10.3390/bioengineering6010012}}</ref>
=== Milling ===
[[File:Hammer mill open front full.jpg|alt=Hammer mill|thumb|Hammer mill]]
Milling combines several mechanical stresses, such as compression, friction, impact, and shear. The combination of these stresses reduce the particle size, crystallinity, and degree of polymerisation, making the biowaste more accessible for further processing. However, milling is energy intensive and has a high capital cost. The required energy can be reduced by combining milling with other processes.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ball milling as an important pretreatment technique in lignocellulose biorefineries: a review|year=2021-08-12|author=Yalew Woldeamanuel Sitotaw, Nigus G. Habtu, Abaynesh Yihdego Gebreyohannes, Suzana P. Nunes, Tom Van Gerven|journal=Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery|doi=10.1007/s13399-021-01800-7}}</ref>

== Product ==
Products of sizing processes are chips, small particles or meals that can directly be used for further processing.

=== Post-treatment ===

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Cooling system available
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_1|Company 1]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}
=== WEIMA ===
{{Infobox provider-sizing|Company=WEIMA|Country=Germany|Contact=info@weima.com|Webpage=https://weima.com|TRL=9|Technology name=Holzwolf|Feedstock=Wood|Product=Wood chips|Image=Weima.png|Size (feedstock)=1875x900x1630-3375x900x1630}}
WEIMA offers, among other things, shredders, briquette presses and packaging presses. The shredders and compactors are produced in Germany. At the sites in Ilsfeld, Abstatt (Baden-Württemberg) and Annaburg (Saxony-Anhalt), the 300-strong team builds more than 1,200 customer solutions per year on more than 44,000 m² for worldwide use.

=== ANDRITZ ===

=== Mastershred GmbH ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company=Mastershred GmbH|Country=Germany
|Contact=Raphael Barth, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-140, Email: barth(at)mastershred.de
Michael Schubert, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-70, Email: schubert(at)mastershred.de
|Webpage=https://mastershred.de/|Image=Mastershred Wort logo.png
|Technology name=Liquifying, Drying|TRL= |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biowaste|Product=
- Bio-Liquid for methane production
- dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy}}

'''Mastershred''' offers a technology to valorize biowaste for energy supply. With a mobile compact plant in the size of a container they use novel shredding and squeezing process to produce three fractions from the biowaste:
* a bio-Liquid for methane production
* pressed material for composting, soil improvement or peat replacement
* dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=107&field_technology_area_target_id%5B88%5D=88&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database]

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Post-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Sizing

2022-10-24T08:22:11Z

Achim Raschka: /* Mastershred GmbH */

{{Infobox technology
| Feedstock = straws, wood, wastes
| Product =Flowable small-sized biomass
|Name= Sizing|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Physical_processes_and_technologies|Physical processes and technologies]]), [[Post-processing]] ([[Post-processing#Physical_processes_and_technologies|Physical processes and technologies]])}}
<onlyinclude>'''Sizing''' is a mechanical process that aims to reduce the particle size and crystallinity and to increase the specific surface area of biowaste to promote further processing of the substrate.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Quanguo Zhang, Chao He, Jingzheng Ren, Michael Goodsite|year=2021|book_title=Waste to renewable biohydrogen. Volume 1, Advances in theory and experiments|publisher=Elsevier Inc.|place=Amsterdam|ISBN=978-0-12-821659-0}}</ref> This is achieved by eliminating mass and heat transfer limitation during the required reaction. It is a very efficient technique, but a major drawback is the high energy input.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Muhammad H. Rashid|year=2015|book_title=Electric renewable energy systems|publisher=Elsevier Inc.|place=London, UK|ISBN=978-0-12-800636-8}}</ref> Moreover, sizing makes the biomass easier to handle and allows it to flow. Sizing includes chipping, extrusion, grinding, and milling as base technologies. </onlyinclude>

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===
Sizing is a pre-treatment technology for nearly all biowaste materials that consist of large particles like straws, wood pieces, plant fibres and other materials. It is needed to prepare smaller particles that can be processed in further steps.

=== Pre-treatment ===
Sizing is often performed as a first step in the process and requires no other pre-treatment. It is, however, not uncommon to first perform a coarse grinding before a fine grinding into smaller particles. Moreover, extrusion and milling are commonly combined with another sizing pre-treatment such as grinding.

== Process and technologies==
Sizing technologies normally are divided into chipping, extrusion, grinding, and milling technologies:

=== Chipping ===
For chipping normally a chipper machine is used that consists of sharp cutting knives, which cut bigger parts into smaller chips. This is used e.g. for wood materials, straws, mixed garden residues and other feedstock that can be cut by a knife. Chippers are susceptible to knife wear from high soil content, metal contamination, rocks and stone, so the base feedstock normally needs to be cleaned before chipping. The size of the resulting materials is typically 10–30 mm after chipping.
=== Extrusion ===
Extrusion is a continuous process that can handle a wide range of feedstocks, including viscous and complex fluids, and powders. The feedstock is heated and forced through an opening called 'die'. The feedstock is forced through the die by one or two screws in a heated barrel, the extruder.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Clive Maier|year=1998|book_title=Polypropylene : the definitive user's guide and databook|publisher=Plastics Design Library|place=Norwich, NY|ISBN=978-0-8155-1867-9}}</ref>
=== Grinding ===
There are two types of grinding: coarse grinding, which can then be followed by fine grinding. Normally a grinder is used to crack bigger parts into smaller particles. The size of the resulting materials is typically 0.2–2 mm. Grinding is achieved by shearing and/or friction and the effect is achieved by multiple comminution in an increasingly narrowing grinding gap, which can usually be varied by axial displacement of a rotor or stator. The frequently tested process variables are screen size, angular velocity, time, feed rate, type, feed size, load, moisture content, and process.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tumuluru JS, Heikkila DJ|year=2019|title=Biomass Grinding Process Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology and a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm|journal=Bioengineering|volume=12|issue=6, no. 1|page=1-12|doi=10.3390/bioengineering6010012}}</ref>
=== Milling ===
[[File:Hammer mill open front full.jpg|alt=Hammer mill|thumb|Hammer mill]]
Milling combines several mechanical stresses, such as compression, friction, impact, and shear. The combination of these stresses reduce the particle size, crystallinity, and degree of polymerisation, making the biowaste more accessible for further processing. However, milling is energy intensive and has a high capital cost. The required energy can be reduced by combining milling with other processes.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ball milling as an important pretreatment technique in lignocellulose biorefineries: a review|year=2021-08-12|author=Yalew Woldeamanuel Sitotaw, Nigus G. Habtu, Abaynesh Yihdego Gebreyohannes, Suzana P. Nunes, Tom Van Gerven|journal=Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery|doi=10.1007/s13399-021-01800-7}}</ref>

== Product ==
Products of sizing processes are chips, small particles or meals that can directly be used for further processing.

=== Post-treatment ===

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Cooling system available
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_1|Company 1]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}
=== WEIMA ===
{{Infobox provider-sizing|Company=WEIMA|Country=Germany|Contact=info@weima.com|Webpage=https://weima.com|TRL=9|Technology name=Holzwolf|Feedstock=Wood|Product=Wood chips|Image=Weima.png|Size (feedstock)=1875x900x1630-3375x900x1630}}
WEIMA offers, among other things, shredders, briquette presses and packaging presses. The shredders and compactors are produced in Germany. At the sites in Ilsfeld, Abstatt (Baden-Württemberg) and Annaburg (Saxony-Anhalt), the 300-strong team builds more than 1,200 customer solutions per year on more than 44,000 m² for worldwide use.

=== ANDRITZ ===

=== Mastershred GmbH ===
=== Mastershred GmbH ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company=Mastershred GmbH|Country=Germany
|Contact=Raphael Barth, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-140, Email: barth(at)mastershred.de
Michael Schubert, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-70, Email: schubert(at)mastershred.de
|Webpage=https://mastershred.de/|Image=Mastershred Wort logo.png
|Technology name=Liquifying, Drying|TRL= |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biowaste|Product=
- Bio-Liquid for methane production
- dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy}}

'''Mastershred''' offers a technology to valorize biowaste for energy supply. With a mobile compact plant in the size of a container they use novel shredding and squeezing process to produce three fractions from the biowaste:
* a bio-Liquid for methane production
* pressed material for composting, soil improvement or peat replacement
* dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=107&field_technology_area_target_id%5B88%5D=88&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database]

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Post-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Drying

2022-10-14T10:38:32Z

Achim Raschka: Mastershred GmbH eingebaut - passt aber nicht ganz

{{Infobox technology
| Feedstock = Biowaste including liquids
| Product = Dry biomass
|Name=Drying|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]]), [[Post-processing]] ([[Post-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]])}}
<onlyinclude>

'''Drying''' technologies are based on the vaporisation/evaporation or sublimation of different liquids or solids under different gas atmospheres and physical conditions resulting in dry products or products with a desired humidity.

</onlyinclude>

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===

=== Pre-treatment ===
In view of the energy costs involved in drying, this technology is of limited use in pre-treatment. The need to dry biomass feedstocks before they can for example be gasified, can place a large energy and capital cost burden on small-to-medium scale biomass gasification plants for the production of heat and power. Drying may not always be unavoidable, but as biomass moisture content to the gasifier increases, the quality of the product gas deteriorates along with the overall performance of the whole system.

== Process and technologies ==

=== Air drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under an oxygen atmosphere. The exchange of oxygen with low humidity accelerates this process, but may lead to an (unwanted) oxidation of the product.

=== Nitrogen drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under an nitrogen atmosphere. The exchange of nitrogen accelerates this process. Since nitrogen is an inert gas, unwanted reactions such as oxidation of the product are avoided.

=== Freeze drying ===
Also known as lyophilisation. The technology represents a low temperature and pressure dehydration process that involves freezing the product, lowering pressure ("vacuum"), then removing the ice by sublimation and condensing.

=== Thermal drying ===
Process that involves the vaporisation/evaporation of liquids through the application of heat under different atmospheres. With increasing application of heat, the process can be accelerated. Very high temperatures may lead to unwanted reactions of the product. Examples for thermal drying technologies are flash (pneumatic) drying, radiative drying, solar drying, drum drying, and supercritical drying.

=== Vacuum drying ===
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under a vacuum atmosphere. The vacuum atmosphere allows the evaporation of liquids at lower temperatures than under atmospheric pressure.

== Product ==

=== Post-treatment ===
Drying is a widely used process in industry worldwide, with many different reasons: to save weight, to make transport easier, to extend the shelf life of food, to obtain a product that can be further processed, etc.

The importance of drying efficiency has increased significantly due to high energy costs and increasingly stringent customer quality requirements.

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| City
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Processable volume [L]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Processable mass [kg]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Temperature [°C]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Pressure [Bar]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|[[Drying#Company_1|Company 1]]
|Germany
|Cologne
|Freeze drying
|Powerdry 5000
|9
|0.00138
|100
|1
| -20
|0.0004
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
|-
|[[Drying#Company_2|Company 2]]
|France
|Paris
|Nitrogen drying
|Nitrodry
|9
|0.003
|0.5
|0.5
|20
|1
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center"|●
|}

=== Company 1 ===
{{Infobox provider-drying}}
Description of company 1

=== Mastershred GmbH ===
{{Infobox provider-drying|Company=Mastershred GmbH|Country=Germany
|Contact=Raphael Barth, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-140, Email: barth(at)mastershred.de
Michael Schubert, Managing Director, Tel.: 07173 186-70, Email: schubert(at)mastershred.de
|Webpage=https://mastershred.de/|Image=Mastershred Wort logo.png
|Technology name=Liquifying, Drying|TRL= |Capacity= |Feedstock=mixed biowaste|Product=
- Bio-Liquid for methane production
- dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy}}

'''Mastershred''' offers a technology to valorize biowaste for energy supply. With a mobile compact plant in the size of a container they use novel shredding and squeezing process to produce three fractions from the biowaste:
* a bio-Liquid for methane production
* pressed material for composting, soil improvement or peat replacement
* dried and pressed briquettes for bioenergy

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=106&field_technology_area_target_id%5B77%5D=77&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database (Drying)]

[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=106&field_technology_area_target_id%5B78%5D=78&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database (Evaporation)]

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==

[[Category:Pre-processing]]
[[Category:Post-processing]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

File:Mastershred Wort logo.png

2022-10-14T10:37:14Z

Achim Raschka: Uploaded a work by Mastershred GmbH from https://mastershred.de/ with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=Logo of the compay Mastershred GmbH}}
|date=2022-10-14
|source=https://mastershred.de/
|author=Mastershred GmbH
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{logo}}

This file was uploaded with the UploadWizard extension.

[[Category:Logo]]
[[Category:Uploaded with UploadWizard]]

Insect farming

2022-09-23T07:48:40Z

Achim Raschka: /* Technology providers */

{{Infobox technology
|Name=Insect farming
|Category=[[Conversion]] ([[Conversion#Biochemical_processes_and_technologies|Biochemical processes and technologies]])
|Feedstock = Food waste, garden & park waste
|Product = Insect protein, fertilizer, insects for biological pest control or crop pollination, silk, dyes, pharmceutical, ingredients for cosmetic and other uses
}}
[[File:Rhynchophorus ferrugineus - edible larvae of Red Palm weevil.jpg|alt=Picture showing edible grub on hand and in bowl, palm leaves in the background|thumb|Rhynchophorus ferrugineus – edible larvae of Red Palm Weevil]]

<onlyinclude>'''Insect farming''' involves breeding, rearing and harvesting insects for animal feed, human consumption, biological pest control, crop pollination, products like silk or dyes, pharmceutical, cosmetic and other uses. The diversity of insect species includes groups highly specialized in their ability to thrive on different organic substrates as food sources. Some of these substrates resemble [[food waste]]<nowiki/>s form agriculture and food processing industries. This is also referred to as '''insect-based bioconversion''' and represents an economically and environmentally viable method for turning large quantities of food waste into valuable materials.</onlyinclude>
[[File:Skewered locusts.jpg|alt=Picture showing skewered locusts on sticks on the street|thumb|Skewered locusts in Donghuamen, Beijing, China]]

== Feedstock ==

=== Origin and composition ===
Insects can be fed a mix of by- and co-products from the agri-food industries and with resources which are currently not being used and not or no longer destined for human consumption, such as the so-called 'former foodstuff'. The by- and co-products may also include those derived from grains, starch, fruit and vegetable supply chains (e.g., bran, distillers grain, unsold fruit and vegetables, including peels) as well as products arising from food manufacturing processes. Highly cellulosic diets are possible.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Crickets Are Not a Free Lunch: Protein Capture from Scalable Organic Side-Streams via High-Density Populations of Acheta domesticus|year=2015-04-15|author=Mark E. Lundy, Michael P. Parrella|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=4|page=e0118785|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0118785}}</ref>

Vassileios Varelas describes the requirements of insect feed as follows: "In general, the major macronutrients required for insect mass production are (a) carbohydrates, which serve as an energy pool but are also required for configuration of chitin (exoskeleton of arthropods), (b) lipids (mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic), which are the main structural components of the cell membrane, and also store and supply metabolic energy during periods of sustained demands and help conserve water in the arthropod cuticle, and (c) the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, lysine, arginine, methionine, histidine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, which insects cannot synthesize, and tyrosine, proline, serine, cysteine, glycine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, which insects can synthesize, but in insufficient quantities at high energy consumption. The essential micronutrients in insect rearing are (a) sterols, which insects cannot synthesize, (b) vitamins, and (c) minerals."<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Food Wastes as a Potential new Source for Edible Insect Mass Production for Food and Feed: A review|year=2019-09-02|author=Varelas|journal=Fermentation|volume=5|issue=3|page=81|doi=10.3390/fermentation5030081}}</ref>

=== Pre-treatment ===
The feedstock can be untreated by- or co-products from the agri-food industries or food wastes. Possible pre-treatments include, among others, pasteurisation, [[Enzymatic processes|enzymatic digestion]], addition of nutrients or dry yeast<ref name=":0" />, pre-[[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]], [[drying]] and shredding. Microbial pre-[[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]] can be used to stabilise the feedstock and increase food safety. It can also enhance the digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients to the insect larvae as most nutrients present in agricultural residue or byproducts are found in insoluble form.<ref name=":1" /> Vassileios Varelas describes possible pre-treatments in relation to the texture of the feed and the feeding habits of the farmed insects: "Liquid diets can be used after encapsulation using different materials (paraffin, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene) to mimic artificial eggs, a treatment step needed for their containment and presentation, while liquids and slurries can be [[Drying|dried]] and concentrated so that [they] can be dissolved in water or mixed with other ingredients. Semi-liquids are used in pellet or extruded form which can be ingested by insects with biting mouthparts and also by insects with sucking mouthparts. Solids are presented as a feed mash with [[Sizing#Grinding|grinding]] and mixing of all raw materials, after pelleting of various raw materials or by extrusion. Solids can also be encapsulated with complex coacervation technology using proteins and polysaccharides."<ref name=":1" />

== Process and technologies ==

=== Process ===
Insect-based bioconversion of [[Biowaste|organic waste]] is the controlled breakdown of an initial feedstock ([[Biowaste|organic waste]]) into insect biomass and frass (waste residuals), with the latter consisting of predominantly insect frass and to a lesser extent, shed exoskeletons, dead insect parts, and potentially uneaten feedstock. The process of insect-based bioconversion mirrors the natural breakdown of organic matter in ecosystems.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lim, S. L., Lee, L. H., & Wu, T.Y.|year=2016|title=Sustainability of using composting and vermicomposting technologies for organic solid waste biotransformation: Recent overview, greenhouse gases emissions and economic analysis|journal=Journal of Cleaner Production|volume=111|page=262-278|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.083}}</ref> In such systems, naturally ocurring insects, earthworms, a wide range of other invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria colonize and break down waste, converting the nutrients for their own metabolic and reproductive needs.

Under controlled conditions, the species responsible for the decomposition process can be regulated and the ambient conditions can be optimised to favour the growth and bioconversion by the given species. As species there is a already a range of insects in place: mealworms, black soldier flies, termites ....

== Products ==
Value may be produced at multiple steps in the bioconversion process. For instance, value can be gained from the elemination of the initial waste itself (disposal fees), sales of insect biomass for food and feed, sales of the living insects for various purposes, sales from fractionated secondary products (i.e., chitin, proteins, and lipids), and sales of the remaining bioconverted waste for soil amendments. Applications are very diverse, for example the use of the ''Tenebrio molitor'' mealworm to biodegrade polystyrene in the environment or the use of ''Lucilia sericata'' (common green bottlefly) as a biological indicator of post-mortem interval (PMI), in human pathology, while the allantoin secreted by ''Lucilia sericata'' larvae is used in the treatment of osteomyelitis.<ref name=":1" />

=== Post-treatment ===
Common post-treatments are the [[extraction]] of compounds, such as proteins or lipids, and the some treatments that can prolong shelf-life of the product. As post-treatments of edible insects, Vassileios Varelas mentions [[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]], [[sizing]], roasting, [[drying]] and acidification: "Fermentation of the produced edible insect orders to increase the product’s shelf-life and minimize the microbial risks for the consumers associated with edible insect consumption. Successful acidification and effectiveness in product’s safeguarding shelf-life and safety was achieved by the control of Enterobacteria and bacterial spores after lactic fermentation of flour/water mixtures with 10% or 20% powdered roasted mealworm larvae. Techniques such as drying, acidifying, and lactic fermentation can preserve edible insects and insect products without the use of a refrigerator."<ref name=":1" />

== Technology providers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+'''Technology comparison'''
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology category
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Farming area [m<sup>2</sup>/organism]
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
|-
! style="height:1.8em;"|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_1|Company 1]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|-
| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
| [Country HQ location]
| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
| [4-9]
| [numeric value]
|
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
|}
=== Ynsect ===
{{Infobox provider-insect farming|Company=Ynsect|Webpage=https://www.ynsect.com|Country=France|Technology name=Ynsect|TRL=8-9|Contact=contact@ynsect.com|Technology category=Insect farming|Feedstock=Food waste, local agrifood by-products|Product=Insect based fertilizer, insect oil, insect protein}}
Ynsect was founded in 2011 in Paris, France by scientists and environmental activists. Their core business is to transform insects into high-value ingredients for pets, fish, plants, and humans. Ynsect uses proprietary technology to produce Molitor and Buffalo mealworms in vertical farms. Ynsect is currently building its third production unit, the largest vertical farm in the world, in Amiens, France and operates two sites in Dole, France (since 2016) and Ermelo, The Netherlands (since 2017). The vertical farm, which will be based in Amiens Metropole, will be the first and largest fully automated industrial unit which will produce insect proteins. It is co-financed by the European Comission and Bio-Based Industries Joint Undertaking (BBI-JU) up to €20 millions. The production capacity is estimated to be 200.000 tonnes of protein per year<ref>Microsoft Word - Ynsect_Final_June2019_Updated.docx</ref>. The Protifarm<ref>{{Cite web|year=2021|title=Protifarm|e-pub date=2021|date accessed=20-9-2021|url=https://www.protifarm.com}}</ref> production site, situated in Ermerlo, The Netherlands, is dedicated to breeding the buffalo mealworm. This vertical farm produces more than 1000 tons of ingredients.

=== NextAlim ===
{{Infobox provider-insect farming|Company=NextAlim|Webpage=https://www.nextalim.com|Country=France|Contact=info@nextalim.com|Technology category=Insect rearing|Capacity=2.4 tonnes of eggs per year|Product=BSF eggs, BSF neonates, BSF larvae}}
NextAlim was founded in 2014, and has expertise in Black Soldier Fly (BSF) genetics and BSF breeding operations. They specialize in neonates multiplication at an industrial scale. NextAlim provides actors of the insect protein industry with young animals, ready for rearing, such as eggs, neonates or 7 day old larvae (7DOL). Their industrial plant is located in Poitiers (France) where they develop, test and implement technology solutions to breed BSF.

=== Protix ===

=== Innovafeed ===

=== Hermetia ===

=== Insectum ===

=== Millibeter ===
Millibeter was partner in the EU-subsidised project InDIRECT. It is a producer of black soldier fly larvae

=== VITO ===
(EFRO Insect Pilot Plant)

=== Agronutris ===

=== ALIA Insect Farm ===

=== AMUSCA ===

=== Beta Bugs ===

=== Divaks ===

=== Ecofly ===

=== Feedect ===

== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
Currently no providers have been identified.

== Patents ==
Currently no patents have been identified.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Conversion]]
[[Category:Technologies]]

Food ingredients

2022-08-22T12:19:37Z

Achim Raschka:

<onlyinclude>'''Food ingredients''' are all substances that are added to a food to achieve a desired effect. It also includes all food additives added to foods for specific technical and/or functional purposes during processing, storage or packaging.</onlyinclude><ref name="Definition">Definition from International Food Additives Council: ''[https://www.foodingredientfacts.org/facts-on-food-ingredients/what-are-food-additives/ What are Food Ingredients?]''</ref>

Food ingredients are devided in direct and indirect ingredients. Direct food additives are used to impart specific technological or functional qualities like stabilizers to help prevent separation of nutrients in fortified milk products or phosphates as a leavening agent in baked goods. Indirect additives are not intentionally added to food, but may be present in trace amounts from processing, packaging, shipping or storage. All food additives are controlled by national regulatory authorities and must be proven safe to be used in foods.<ref name="Definition" />

== Weblinks ==
* [https://www.foodingredientfacts.org International Food Additives Council]

== References ==
<references />

Food ingredients

2022-08-22T12:16:49Z

Achim Raschka:

<onlyinclude>'''Food ingredients''' are all substances that are added to a food to achieve a desired effect. It also includes all food additives added to foods for specific technical and/or functional purposes during processing, storage or packaging.</onlyinclude>

Food ingredients are devided in direct and indirect ingredients. Direct food additives are used to impart specific technological or functional qualities like stabilizers to help prevent separation of nutrients in fortified milk products or phosphates as a leavening agent in baked goods. Indirect additives are not intentionally added to food, but may be present in trace amounts from processing, packaging, shipping or storage.

All food additives are controlled by national regulatory authorities and must be proven safe to be used in foods.

== References ==
<references />

Food ingredients

2022-08-22T12:14:14Z

Achim Raschka: Created page with "<onlyinclude>'''Food ingredients''' are all substances that are added to a food to achieve a desired effect. It also includes all food additives added to foods for specific te..."

Main Page

2022-03-04T08:10:48Z

Achim Raschka:

[[File:21-04-27 Tech4Biowaste sq-n.png|thumb|Tech4Biowaste project logo]]
'''TECH4BIOWASTE''' – A DYNAMIC DATABASE OF RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES OF BIO-WASTE UTILISATION

This Wiki is about the Tech4Biowaste project to collect and showcase technologies for the utilisation of bio-wastes. [[Tech4Biowaste:About|Find out more]].

'''''Where we are'''<br/>
At this stage of the project, the Wiki is in preparation and will be opened in several steps:
* First, for a test panel of evaluators {{OK}}
* '''At the moment, for a community that can provide information on the aimed technologies'''
* In the last phase, it will be made available to the interested public

'''''Want to get involved?'''<br/>
You can actively contribute to this database by implementing your technology and company profile as well as writing on the articles. If you are not familiar with working in Wiki-environments we will offer training sessions on a regular base.'' '''Please contact us under: mailto:info@tech4biowaste.eu'''

The database content will be determined jointly with actors across the bio-waste value chain. Technology searchers can analyse and compare bio-waste valorisation technologies.

[[File:21-09-23 Tech4Biowaste database structure.png|thumb|Visualisation of the overall database structure]]
=== Feedstocks ([[biowaste]]) ===
* [[Food waste]]
* [[Garden and park waste]]

=== Technologies ===
* [[Pre-processing]]
* [[Conversion]]
* [[Post-processing]]

=== Products ===
* [[Chemicals]]
* [[Energy and fuels]]
* [[Food ingredients]]
* [[Materials]]

== Glossary ==
The [[glossary]] gives an overview on terms used in the area of biowaste utilisation and it only includes small paragraphs and definitions on the listed topics.

== Partner projects ==
* [[Pilots4U Database]]
* [https://renewable-carbon-community.com Renewable Carbon Community (RCC)]
* [[nova-Institut_für_politische_und_ökologische_Innovation_GmbH#Renewable_Carbon_Initiative_(RCI)|Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI)]]

== Other interesting projects ==
* [[Other projects]]

== Help and manuals ==
For help and manuals see the [[:Category:Manual|manuals]] category.

__NOTOC__

Main Page

2022-03-04T08:07:21Z

Achim Raschka:

[[File:21-04-27 Tech4Biowaste sq-n.png|thumb|Tech4Biowaste project logo]]
'''TECH4BIOWASTE''' – A DYNAMIC DATABASE OF RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES OF BIO-WASTE UTILISATION

This Wiki is about the Tech4Biowaste project to collect and showcase technologies for the utilisation of bio-wastes. [[Tech4Biowaste:About|Find out more]].

'''''Where we are'''<br/>
At this stage of the project, the Wiki is in preparation and will be opened in several steps:
* First, for a test panel of evaluators {{OK}}
* '''At the moment, for a community that can provide information on the aimed technologies'''
* In the last phase, it will be made available to the interested public

'''''Want to get involved?'''<br/>
You can actively contribute to this database by implementing your technology and company profile as well as writing on the articles. If you are not familiar with working in Wiki-environments we will offer training sessions on a regular base.'' '''Please contact us under: mailto:info@tech4biowaste.eu'''

The database content will be determined jointly with actors across the bio-waste value chain. Technology searchers can analyse and compare bio-waste valorisation technologies.


== Help and manuals ==
For help and manuals see the [[:Category:Manual|manuals]] category.

__NOTOC__