Difference between revisions of "Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)"
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==Process and technologies== | ==Process and technologies== | ||
Different variants of the FFF are available including tha Asymmetric flow FFF, centrifugal FFF, electrical FFF, split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT), and thermal FFF. | Different variants of the FFF are available including tha Asymmetric flow FFF, centrifugal FFF, electrical FFF, split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT), and thermal FFF. Depending on the applied technology particles can be separated in dependence of different physicochemical properties. | ||
===Asymmetric flow FFF (AF4)=== | ===Asymmetric flow FFF (AF4)=== | ||
[[File:AFFFF channel.svg|thumb|Illustration of a separation channel for asymmetric flow field-flow-fractionation.]] | [[File:AFFFF channel.svg|thumb|Illustration of a separation channel for asymmetric flow field-flow-fractionation.]] | ||
The asymmetric flow FFF (AF4) is realised in a separation channel where an separation force ist generated in form of an asymmetric crossflow through a semipermeable membrane. The injected particles can be eluted | The asymmetric flow FFF (AF4) is realised in a separation channel where an separation force ist generated in form of an asymmetric crossflow through a semipermeable membrane. Through the cross-flow larger particles accumulate at the channel bottom while smaller particles accumulate at the center of the channel. The injected particles can be eluted through a parabolic flow-profile in combination with the reduction of the crossflow. | ||
=== Centrifugal FFF === | === Centrifugal FFF === | ||
In centrifugal FFF the separation force is realised via an centrifugal field. Through the induced gravitational field larger particles accumulate at the channel bottom while smaller particles accumulate at the center of the channel. The injected particles can be eluted through a parabolic flow-profile in combination with the reduction of the centrigigal field. | |||
=== Electrical FFF === | === Electrical FFF === | ||
Revision as of 13:24, 2 September 2021
| Technology | |
| |
| Technology details | |
| Name: | Field-Flow fractionation |
| Category: | |
| Feedstock: | Biowaste |
| Product: | Biomass in different physicochemical fractions |
Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF) is a separation technology without a stationary phase for dilute suspensions. The suspensions can be fractionated according to their physicochemical properties such as charge, chemical composition, density, molar mass, and size. Beside analytical purposes the FFF can also be utilised for preparative purposes.
Feedstock
Suitable feedstocks are heterogeneous mixtures of different substances in form of dilute suspensions (solids in liquid). Depending on the applied process and technology solids can be usually separated between the nm-µm range. The FFF is usually applied to separate nanoparticles, polymers, and proteins for analytical and preparative purposes.
Process and technologies
Different variants of the FFF are available including tha Asymmetric flow FFF, centrifugal FFF, electrical FFF, split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT), and thermal FFF. Depending on the applied technology particles can be separated in dependence of different physicochemical properties.
Asymmetric flow FFF (AF4)
The asymmetric flow FFF (AF4) is realised in a separation channel where an separation force ist generated in form of an asymmetric crossflow through a semipermeable membrane. Through the cross-flow larger particles accumulate at the channel bottom while smaller particles accumulate at the center of the channel. The injected particles can be eluted through a parabolic flow-profile in combination with the reduction of the crossflow.
Centrifugal FFF
In centrifugal FFF the separation force is realised via an centrifugal field. Through the induced gravitational field larger particles accumulate at the channel bottom while smaller particles accumulate at the center of the channel. The injected particles can be eluted through a parabolic flow-profile in combination with the reduction of the centrigigal field.
Electrical FFF
This technology combines the FFF with an electrical field as additional separation force. Besides the separation based on particle size this method adds the capability to separate particles/molecules in dependence of their charge.
Split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT)
Text
Thermal FFF
Text
Product
Technology providers
| Company name | Country | City | Technology category | Technology name | TRL | Capacity [kg/h] | Feedstock: Food & kitchen waste | Feedstock: Garden & park waste | Feedstock: Municipal waste | Product: Dry biomass | Max volume [L] | Max mass [kg] | Temperature [kg] | Pressure [Bar] | Gas atmosphere | Evaporable substances |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Company 1 | Germany | Cologne | Freeze drying | Powerdry 5000 | 9 | 0.00138 | ● | ● | ● | ● | 100 | 1 | -20 | 0.0004 | Vacuum | Alcohol, Water |
| Company 2 | France | Paris | Nitrogen drying | Nitrodry | 9 | 0.003 | ● | ● | ● | ● | 0.5 | 0.5 | 20 | 1 | Nitrogen | Alcohol, Water |
Company 1
Description of company 1
Company 2
Description of company 2