Difference between revisions of "Oxidation"
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==Feedstock== | ==Feedstock== | ||
=== Origin and composition === | |||
Lignocellulosic biomass, such as woody biomass, <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005}}</ref> corn bobs, clover, or rye grass.<ref name=":0" /> | Lignocellulosic biomass, such as woody biomass, <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005}}</ref> corn bobs, clover, or rye grass.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== Pre-treatment === | |||
==Process and technologies== | ==Process and technologies== | ||
The process uses an oxidative agent, such as potassium permanganate or oxygen. In the case of permanganate, the process benefits from higher temperatures for around 6 hours. In the case of oxygen, wet oxidation is often employed, where an oxygen pressure is applied to wet conditions.<ref name=":0" /> The process can be combined with [[Hydrolysis#Alkali|alkali hydrolysis]], for example using a lime pretreatment with calcium hydroxide.<ref name=":1" /> | The process uses an oxidative agent, such as potassium permanganate or oxygen. In the case of permanganate, the process benefits from higher temperatures for around 6 hours. In the case of oxygen, wet oxidation is often employed, where an oxygen pressure is applied to wet conditions.<ref name=":0" /> The process can be combined with [[Hydrolysis#Alkali|alkali hydrolysis]], for example using a lime pretreatment with calcium hydroxide.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
==Product== | ==Product== | ||
The oxidation pretreatment results in breaking down the lignin and makes the cellulose and hemicellulose available for further processing. Traces of soluble aromatics, which can hinder further processes, can be formed as a side product.<ref name=":1" /> | The oxidation pretreatment results in breaking down the lignin and makes the cellulose and hemicellulose available for further processing. Traces of soluble aromatics, which can hinder further processes, can be formed as a side product.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
=== Post-treatment === | |||
==Technology providers== | ==Technology providers== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
Revision as of 07:44, 30 November 2021
| Technology | |
| |
| Technology details | |
| Name: | Oxidation |
| Category: | Pre- and posttreatment |
| Feedstock: | Lignocellulosic biomass (corn bobs, rye grass, clover) |
| Product: | Cellulose and hemicellulose |
This article is about oxidative pretreatment. For oxidation as a chemical conversion, see heterogeneous catalysis.
The pretreatment of lignocellulosic material with the use of a strong oxidiser. The oxidiser breaks the ester and ether bonds between lignin and carbohydrates. The reaction can also be performed in water, as wet oxidation. Here, hydroxide radicals are formed which will break down the lignin and carbohydrates.[1]
Feedstock
Origin and composition
Lignocellulosic biomass, such as woody biomass, [2] corn bobs, clover, or rye grass.[1]
Pre-treatment
Process and technologies
The process uses an oxidative agent, such as potassium permanganate or oxygen. In the case of permanganate, the process benefits from higher temperatures for around 6 hours. In the case of oxygen, wet oxidation is often employed, where an oxygen pressure is applied to wet conditions.[1] The process can be combined with alkali hydrolysis, for example using a lime pretreatment with calcium hydroxide.[2]
Product
The oxidation pretreatment results in breaking down the lignin and makes the cellulose and hemicellulose available for further processing. Traces of soluble aromatics, which can hinder further processes, can be formed as a side product.[2]
Post-treatment
Technology providers
| Company name | Country | Technology category | Technology name | TRL | Capacity [kg/h] | Reagent | Feedstock: Food waste | Feedstock: Garden & park waste |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Company 1 | [Country HQ location] | [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)] | [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)] | [4-9] | [numeric value] | ● | ● | |
| Company 2 | [Country HQ location] | [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)] | [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)] | [4-9] | [numeric value] | ● | ● |
No technology providers identified yet.
Open access pilot and demo facility providers
Patents
Currently no patents have been identified yet.
References
- ↑ a b c Rajeev Ravindran, Amit Kumar Jaiswal, 2016-01: A comprehensive review on pre-treatment strategy for lignocellulosic food industry waste: Challenges and opportunities. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 199, 92–102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.106
- ↑ a b c Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin, 2011-11: Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application. Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 29, (6), 675–685. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005