Difference between revisions of "Ultrasonication"
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| Product = Biomass (dispersed, disrupted, emulsified, extracted, homogenised) | | Product = Biomass (dispersed, disrupted, emulsified, extracted, homogenised) | ||
|Name=Ultrasonication}} | |Name=Ultrasonication}} | ||
<onlyinclude>'''Ultrasonication''' is a physical treatment to disperse, disrupt, emulsify, extract, and/or homogenise biomass beside others via the application of ultrasonic frequencies (>20 kHz).</onlyinclude> | <onlyinclude>'''Ultrasonication''' is a physical treatment to disperse, disrupt, emulsify, extract, and/or homogenise biomass beside others via the application of ultrasonic frequencies (>20 kHz). The ultrasound-assisted approach is considered to be a novel and environmentally friendly green technique, giving a significant degree of intensification.<!-- Article source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300957039_Use_of_Ultrasound_for_Pretreatment_of_Biomass_and_Subsequent_Hydrolysis_and_Fermentation --> | ||
</onlyinclude> | |||
==Feedstock== | ==Feedstock== | ||
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== Process and technologies == | == Process and technologies == | ||
During the ultrasonication treatment ultrasound is transmitted through any physical medium by waves that compress and stretch the molecular spacing of the medium through which it passes<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Hugo Miguel Santos, Carlos Lodeiro, and José-Luis Capelo-Martínez|year=2008|section_title=The Power of Ultrasound|editor=José-Luis Capelo-Martínez|book_title=Ultrasound in Chemistry: Analytical Applications|publisher=Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA|ISBN=9783527319343|place=Weinheim, Germany}}</ref>. The distance between the molecules will vary as they oscillate about their mean position<ref name=":0" />. When the negative pressure is large enough, the distance between the molecules of the liquid exceeds the minimum molecular distance required to hold the liquid intact, and then the liquid breaks down and voids (cavitation bubbles) are created<ref name=":0" />. | During the ultrasonication treatment ultrasound is transmitted through any physical medium by waves that compress and stretch the molecular spacing of the medium through which it passes<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Hugo Miguel Santos, Carlos Lodeiro, and José-Luis Capelo-Martínez|year=2008|section_title=The Power of Ultrasound|editor=José-Luis Capelo-Martínez|book_title=Ultrasound in Chemistry: Analytical Applications|publisher=Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA|ISBN=9783527319343|place=Weinheim, Germany}}</ref>. The distance between the molecules will vary as they oscillate about their mean position<ref name=":0" />. When the negative pressure is large enough, the distance between the molecules of the liquid exceeds the minimum molecular distance required to hold the liquid intact, and then the liquid breaks down and voids (cavitation bubbles) are created<ref name=":0" />. <!-- Maybe it is easier to understand when you add figures to the text. | ||
Some interesting links: | |||
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/ultrasonication | |||
https://thebumblingbiochemist.com/365-days-of-science/ultrasonication/ | |||
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-87642-9 --> | |||
== Product == | == Product == | ||
Revision as of 14:27, 22 December 2021
| Technology | |
| |
| Technology details | |
| Name: | Ultrasonication |
| Category: | |
| Feedstock: | Biowaste |
| Product: | Biomass (dispersed, disrupted, emulsified, extracted, homogenised) |
Ultrasonication is a physical treatment to disperse, disrupt, emulsify, extract, and/or homogenise biomass beside others via the application of ultrasonic frequencies (>20 kHz). The ultrasound-assisted approach is considered to be a novel and environmentally friendly green technique, giving a significant degree of intensification.
Feedstock
Origin and composition
The requirements on the origin and composition of the feedstock may vary since the ultrasonication can be utilised at various points in the value chain of biowaste valorisation.
Pre-treatment
Process and technologies
During the ultrasonication treatment ultrasound is transmitted through any physical medium by waves that compress and stretch the molecular spacing of the medium through which it passes[1]. The distance between the molecules will vary as they oscillate about their mean position[1]. When the negative pressure is large enough, the distance between the molecules of the liquid exceeds the minimum molecular distance required to hold the liquid intact, and then the liquid breaks down and voids (cavitation bubbles) are created[1].
Product
Ultrasonication can be used to produce:
- Biofuels
- Emulsions (such as nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanocrystals, liposomes, wax emulsions)
- Extracts from biomass (such as polysaccharides[2], oil, anthocyanins and antioxidants[3])
- Purified wastewater
Furthermore, ultrasonication is also utilised in following processes:
- Adhesive thinning
- Cells disruption
- Degassing liquids
- Polymer and epoxy processing
- Ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurisation of crude oil[4]
Post-treatment
Technology providers
| Company name | Country | Technology category | Technology name | TRL | Capacity [kg/h] | Frequency [kHz] | Power [W] | Processable volume [L] | Feedstock: Food waste | Feedstock: Garden & park waste |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Company 1 | [Country HQ location] | [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)] | [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)] | [4-9] | [numeric value] | |||||
| Company 2 | [Country HQ location] | [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)] | [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)] | [4-9] | [numeric value] | ● |
Company 1
| General information | |||
| Company: |
| ||
| Country: | |||
| Contact: | |||
| Webpage: | |||
| Technology and process details | |||
| Technology name: | Technology category: | Pre-processing (Physical processes and technologies), Post-processing (Physical processes and technologies) | |
| TRL: | Capacity: | kg·h-1 | |
| Frequency: | kHz | Power: | W |
| Processable volume: | L | Other: | |
| Feedstock and product details | |||
| Feedstock: | Product: | ||
Hielscher Ultrasonics GmbH
Open access pilot and demo facility providers
Currently no providers have been identified.
Patents
Currently no patents have been identified.
References
- ↑ a b c Hugo Miguel Santos, Carlos Lodeiro, and José-Luis Capelo-Martínez, 2008: The Power of Ultrasound. Ultrasound in Chemistry: Analytical Applications. José-Luis Capelo-Martínez (Ed.). Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.
- ↑ , 2017-09-01: Polysaccharides from macroalgae: Recent advances, innovative technologies and challenges in extraction and purification. Food Research International, Vol. 99, 1011–1020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.016
- ↑ , 2013-09-01: Effect of ultrasound frequency on antioxidant activity, total phenolic and anthocyanin content of red raspberry puree. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 20, (5), 1316–1323. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.01.020
- ↑ , 2020-05-01: Study on ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization for crude oil. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 63, 104946. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104946