Difference between revisions of "Biowaste"
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<onlyinclude>'''Biowaste, bio-waste''' or '''biodegradable waste''' is a type of [[feedstock]] defined as waste from organic origin. It includes any organic matter in waste which can be broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane or simple organic molecules ([[biodegradability]]) by micro-organisms and other living things by [[composting]], [[aerobic digestion]], ''anaerobic digestion'' or similar processes. It also includes some inorganic materials which can be decomposed by bacteria. | <onlyinclude>'''Biowaste, bio-waste''' or '''biodegradable waste''' is a type of [[feedstock]] defined as waste from organic origin. It includes any organic matter in waste which can be broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane or simple organic molecules ([[biodegradability]]) by micro-organisms and other living things by [[composting]], [[aerobic digestion]], ''anaerobic digestion'' or similar processes. It also includes some inorganic materials which can be decomposed by bacteria.</onlyinclude> | ||
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==Types of biowaste== | ==Types of biowaste== | ||
Revision as of 13:30, 22 April 2021
Biowaste, bio-waste or biodegradable waste is a type of feedstock defined as waste from organic origin. It includes any organic matter in waste which can be broken down into carbon dioxide, water, methane or simple organic molecules (biodegradability) by micro-organisms and other living things by composting, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion or similar processes. It also includes some inorganic materials which can be decomposed by bacteria.
Types of biowaste
Bio-waste is defined as biodegradable garden and park waste, food and kitchen waste from households, restaurants, caterers and retail premises, and comparable waste from food processing plants. It does not include forestry or agricultural residues, manure, sewage sludge, or other biodegradable waste such as natural textiles, paper or processed wood. It also excludes those by-products of food production that never become waste.[1]
Biowaste is devided in several groups depending on its origin:
- Garden waste
- Food waste
- Mixed biogenic waste with municipal waste
In the EWC-Stat Waste Categories biowaste is included in item 31 ("Animal and mixed food waste"), item 32 ("Vegetal wastes") and partly item 34 ("Household and similar wastes").[2]
Additional information
Currently the main environmental threat from biowaste (and other biodegradable waste) is the production of methane from such waste decomposing in landfills, which accounted for some 3% of total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU-15 in 1995. The Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC)[3] obliges Member States to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal waste that they landfill to 35% of 1995 levels by 2016 (for some countries by 2020) which will significantly reduce this problem.[1]
According to the European Compost Network (ECN), across the European Union, somewhere between 118 and 138 million tons of bio-waste arise annually, of which currently only about 40% (equivalent to 47,5 million tons per annum [M tpa]) is effectively recycled into high-quality compost and digestate. As up to 50% of municipal solid waste is organic, the bio-waste fraction plays an important role in recycling and the nascent circular economy. Implementation of separate collection of bio-waste in all EU member states as laid down in the Waste Framework Directive is a key for diverting organic waste from landfills and to guarantee that high-quality secondary raw materials (composts and digestate) are consistently manufactured, so that they can be placed on the European fertilizer market.[4]
References
- ↑ a b biodegradable waste, definition at European Commission, Directorate-General for Environment.
- ↑ EUROSTAT, 2010: Guidance on classification of waste according to EWC-Stat categories; Supplement to the Manual for the Implementation of the Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 on Waste Statistics.. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.
- ↑ Council of the European Union, 1999: Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste.. Council of the European Union, Brussel.
- ↑ Bio-Waste in Europe, European Compost Network (ECN), 2020.