Difference between revisions of "Primary processing"

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<onlyinclude>'''Primary processing''' of biowaste results in intermediate chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the secondary processing after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of primary processing, others (such as the separation technologies) can be utilised in both primary and [[secondary processing]].</onlyinclude>
<onlyinclude>'''Primary processing''' of biowaste results in intermediate chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the [[secondary processing]] or [[hybrid processing]] after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of primary processing, others (such as the [[Hybrid processing#Separation_processes_and_technologies|separation processes and technologies]]) can be utilised in both primary and [[secondary processing]] which places them into [[hybrid processing]].</onlyinclude>


== Biochemical pre-treatments ==
== Biochemical processes and technologies ==
* Aeration
* [[Anaerobic digestion]]
*Anaerobic digestion
* [[Composting]]
*Enzymatic conversion (''in vitro'')
*[[Enzymatic processes]]
*Composting
* [[Insect farming]]
*Insect farming


== Chemical pre-treatments ==
== Chemical processes and technologies (these might be [[hybrid processing]]) ==


* [[Hydrolysis]]
* [[Hydrolysis]]
** [[Hydrolysis#Acid Acid|Acid Acid]]
** [[Hydrolysis#Acid|Acid]]  
** [[Hydrolysis#Alkali|Alkali]]
**[[Hydrolysis#Alkali|Alkali]]
** [[Hydrolysis#Salt|Salt]]
** [[Hydrolysis#Salt|Salt]]
*** [[Hydrolysis#Metal_salts|Metal salts]]
*** [[Hydrolysis#Metal_salts|Metal salts]]
Line 18: Line 17:
** [[Hydrolysis#Solvent|Solvent]]
** [[Hydrolysis#Solvent|Solvent]]
*** [[Hydrolysis#Organosolv|Organosolv]]
*** [[Hydrolysis#Organosolv|Organosolv]]
* Ionic liquids
** [[Hydrolysis#Subcritical_water|Subcritical water]]
* Oxidation
* [[Ionic liquids]]
* Plasma
* [[Oxidation]]


== Hybrid pre-treatments ==
== Physical processes and technologies (these might be [[hybrid processing]]) ==


*Pulping
* [[Densification]]
**Chemical pulping
*[[Sizing]]
*** Organosolv
**[[Sizing#Chipping|Chipping]]
*** Soda
**[[Sizing#Grinding|Grinding]]
*** Sulphate
* [[Microwave treatment]]
*** Sulphite
* [[Steam explosion]]
** Hybrid pulping
* [[Ultrasonication]]
*** Neutral Sulfite Semi Chemical pulping (NSSC)
*** Chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP)
**Mechanical pulping
*** Refiner
**** Thermomechanical pulping (TMP)
**** Refiner mechanical pulping (RMP)
*** Groundwood
**** Stone groundwood (SGW)
**** Thermal groundwood (TGW)
**** Pressure groundwood (PGW)


== Physical pre-treatments ==
== Thermochemical processes and technologies ==


* Densification
* [[Ammonia fibre expansion]]
**Pressure densification
* [[Gasification]]
*Microwave
* [[Hydrothermal processing]]
* Pressure-densification
* [[Pyrolysis]]
* Sizing
* [[Torrefaction]]
** Chipping
** Grinding
* Steam explosion
**Air
**Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>
*Thermal expansion
*Ultrasonication


== Separation pre-treatments ==
== Other processes and technologies ==
 
*[[Pulping]]
* Physicomechanical separations
**[[Pulping#Chemical_pulping|Chemical pulping]]
** Centrifugation
*** [[Pulping#Dissolving_pulp_and_organosolv|Organosolv]]
** Filtration
*** [[Pulping#Cold_soda_pulping|Soda]]
*** Membrane Filtration
*** [[Pulping#Sulphate_pulping_(Kraft)|Sulphate]]
*** Pressure filtration
*** [[Pulping#Sulphite_pulping|Sulphite]]
*** Ultrafiltration
** [[Pulping#Hybrid_pulping|Hybrid pulping]]
** Sieving
*** [[Pulping#Chemi-thermo-mechanical_pulping_(CTMP)|Chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP)]]
* Physicochemical separations
***[[Pulping#Neutral_Sulfite_Semi_Chemical_Pulping_(NSSC)|Neutral Sulfite Semi Chemical pulping (NSSC)]]
** Chromatography
**[[Pulping#Mechanical_pulping|Mechanical pulping]]
** Dialysis
*** [[Pulping#Refiner|Refiner]]
** Dissolution, Crystallisation, flocculation, precipitation
**** [[Pulping#Refiner_mechanical_pulping_(RMP)|Refiner mechanical pulping (RMP)]]
** Distillation
****[[Pulping#Thermomechanical_pulping_(TMP)|Thermomechanical pulping (TMP)]]
** [[Drying]]
*** [[Pulping#Groundwood|Groundwood]]
*** [[Drying#Air drying|Air drying]]
**** [[Pulping#Pressure_groundwood_(PGW)|Pressure groundwood (PGW)]]
*** [[Drying#Nitrogen drying|Nitrogen drying]]
****[[Pulping#Stone_groundwood_(SGW)|Stone groundwood (SGW)]]
*** [[Drying#Freeze drying|Freeze drying]]
**** [[Pulping#Thermal_groundwood_(TGW)|Thermal groundwood (TGW)]]
*** [[Drying#Thermal drying|Thermal drying]]
*** [[Drying#Vacuum drying|Vacuum drying]]
**Extraction
***Acid treatment
***Alkali treatment
**Extrusion
**[[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)]]
*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Asymmatric flow FFF (AF4)|Asymmatric flow FFF (AF4)]]
*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Centrifugal FFF|Centrifugal FFF]]
*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Electrical FFF|Electrical FFF]]
*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT)|Split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT)]]
*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Thermal FFF|Thermal FFF]]
** Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pre-treatment (IHRWT)
 
== Thermochemical pre-treatments ==
 
* Ammonia fibre expansion
* Torrefaction
**Dry torrefaction
** Wet torrefaction
 
== Pulping (we need to divide all pulping subcatecories to the existing ones, suggestions are welcome) ==
 
* Chemical pulping
** Organosolv
** Soda
** Sulphate
** Sulphite
* Hybrid pulping
** Neutral Sulfite Semi Chemical pulping (NSSC)
** Chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP)
*Mechanical pulping
** Refiner
*** Thermomechanical pulping (TMP)
*** Refiner mechanical pulping (RMP)
** Groundwood
*** Stone groundwood (SGW)
*** Thermal groundwood (TGW)
*** Pressure groundwood (PGW)

Latest revision as of 12:58, 9 February 2022

Primary processing of biowaste results in intermediate chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the secondary processing or hybrid processing after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of primary processing, others (such as the separation processes and technologies) can be utilised in both primary and secondary processing which places them into hybrid processing.

Biochemical processes and technologies

Chemical processes and technologies (these might be hybrid processing)

Physical processes and technologies (these might be hybrid processing)

Thermochemical processes and technologies

Other processes and technologies

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