Difference between revisions of "Primary processing"

[checked revision]

Latest revision as of 12:58, 9 February 2022

Primary processing of biowaste results in intermediate chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the secondary processing or hybrid processing after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of primary processing, others (such as the separation processes and technologies) can be utilised in both primary and secondary processing which places them into hybrid processing.

Biochemical processes and technologies

Chemical processes and technologies (these might be hybrid processing)

Physical processes and technologies (these might be hybrid processing)

Thermochemical processes and technologies

Other processes and technologies

Pulping

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<onlyinclude>'''Primary processing''' of biowaste results in intermediate chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the secondary processing after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are  used exclusively for the purpose of primary processing, others (such as the separation technologies) can be utilised in both primary and [[secondary processing]].</onlyinclude>
+<onlyinclude>'''Primary processing''' of biowaste results in intermediate chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the [[secondary processing]] or [[hybrid processing]] after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of primary processing, others (such as the [[Hybrid processing#Separation_processes_and_technologies|separation processes and technologies]]) can be utilised in both primary and [[secondary processing]] which places them into [[hybrid processing]].</onlyinclude>
 == Biochemical processes and technologies ==
-* Aeration
+* [[Anaerobic digestion]]
-*Anaerobic digestion
+* [[Composting]]
-*Enzymatic conversion (''in vitro'')
+*[[Enzymatic processes]]
-*Composting
+* [[Insect farming]]
-*Insect farming
-== Chemical processes and technologies ==
+== Chemical processes and technologies (these might be [[hybrid processing]]) ==
 * [[Hydrolysis]]
-** [[Hydrolysis#Acid Acid|Acid Acid]]
+** [[Hydrolysis#Acid|Acid]]
-** [[Hydrolysis#Alkali|Alkali]]
+**[[Hydrolysis#Alkali|Alkali]]
 ** [[Hydrolysis#Salt|Salt]]
 *** [[Hydrolysis#Metal_salts|Metal salts]]
@@ Line 18: / Line 17: @@
 ** [[Hydrolysis#Solvent|Solvent]]
 *** [[Hydrolysis#Organosolv|Organosolv]]
-* Ionic liquids
+** [[Hydrolysis#Subcritical_water|Subcritical water]]
-* Oxidation
+* [[Ionic liquids]]
-* Plasma
+* [[Oxidation]]
-== Hybrid processes and technologies ==
+== Physical processes and technologies (these might be [[hybrid processing]]) ==
-*Pulping
+* [[Densification]]
-**Chemical pulping
+*[[Sizing]]
-*** Organosolv
+**[[Sizing#Chipping|Chipping]]
-*** Soda
+**[[Sizing#Grinding|Grinding]]
-*** Sulphate
+* [[Microwave treatment]]
-*** Sulphite
+* [[Steam explosion]]
-** Hybrid pulping
+* [[Ultrasonication]]
-*** Neutral Sulfite Semi Chemical pulping (NSSC)
-*** Chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP)
-**Mechanical pulping
-*** Refiner
-**** Thermomechanical pulping (TMP)
-**** Refiner mechanical pulping (RMP)
-*** Groundwood
-**** Stone groundwood (SGW)
-**** Thermal groundwood (TGW)
-**** Pressure groundwood (PGW)
-== Physical processes and technologies ==
+== Thermochemical processes and technologies ==
-* Densification
+* [[Ammonia fibre expansion]]
-**Pressure densification
+* [[Gasification]]
-*Microwave
+* [[Hydrothermal processing]]
-* Pressure-densification
+* [[Pyrolysis]]
-* Sizing
+* [[Torrefaction]]
-** Chipping
-** Grinding
-* Steam explosion
-**Air
-**Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>
-*Thermal expansion
-*Ultrasonication
-== Separation pre-treatments ==
-* Physicomechanical separations
-** Centrifugation
-** Filtration
-*** Membrane Filtration
-*** Pressure filtration
-*** Ultrafiltration
-** Sieving
-* Physicochemical separations
-** Chromatography
-** Dialysis
-** Dissolution, Crystallisation, flocculation, precipitation
-** Distillation
-** [[Drying]]
-*** [[Drying#Air drying|Air drying]]
-*** [[Drying#Nitrogen drying|Nitrogen drying]]
-*** [[Drying#Freeze drying|Freeze drying]]
-*** [[Drying#Thermal drying|Thermal drying]]
-*** [[Drying#Vacuum drying|Vacuum drying]]
-**Extraction
-***Acid treatment
-***Alkali treatment
-**Extrusion
-**[[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)]]
-*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Asymmatric flow FFF (AF4)|Asymmatric flow FFF (AF4)]]
-*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Centrifugal FFF|Centrifugal FFF]]
-*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Electrical FFF|Electrical FFF]]
-*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT)|Split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT)]]
-*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Thermal FFF|Thermal FFF]]
-** Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pre-treatment (IHRWT)
-== Thermochemical processes and technologies ==
-* Ammonia fibre expansion
+== Other processes and technologies ==
-*Gasification
+*[[Pulping]]
-*Hydrothermal
+**[[Pulping#Chemical_pulping|Chemical pulping]]
-*[[Pyrolysis]]
+*** [[Pulping#Dissolving_pulp_and_organosolv|Organosolv]]
-* Torrefaction
+*** [[Pulping#Cold_soda_pulping|Soda]]
-**Dry torrefaction
+*** [[Pulping#Sulphate_pulping_(Kraft)|Sulphate]]
-** Wet torrefaction
+*** [[Pulping#Sulphite_pulping|Sulphite]]
+** [[Pulping#Hybrid_pulping|Hybrid pulping]]
+*** [[Pulping#Chemi-thermo-mechanical_pulping_(CTMP)|Chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP)]]
+***[[Pulping#Neutral_Sulfite_Semi_Chemical_Pulping_(NSSC)|Neutral Sulfite Semi Chemical pulping (NSSC)]]
+**[[Pulping#Mechanical_pulping|Mechanical pulping]]
+*** [[Pulping#Refiner|Refiner]]
+**** [[Pulping#Refiner_mechanical_pulping_(RMP)|Refiner mechanical pulping (RMP)]]
+****[[Pulping#Thermomechanical_pulping_(TMP)|Thermomechanical pulping (TMP)]]
+*** [[Pulping#Groundwood|Groundwood]]
+**** [[Pulping#Pressure_groundwood_(PGW)|Pressure groundwood (PGW)]]
+****[[Pulping#Stone_groundwood_(SGW)|Stone groundwood (SGW)]]
+**** [[Pulping#Thermal_groundwood_(TGW)|Thermal groundwood (TGW)]]