Difference between revisions of "Pre-processing"
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<onlyinclude>'''Pre-processing''' technologies are utilised in the pre-treatment of biowaste to obtain chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the [[conversion]] followed by an optional [[post-processing]] after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of pre-processing, others such as the separation processes and technologies can be utilised in both pre- and [[post-processing]].</onlyinclude> | <onlyinclude>'''Pre-processing''' technologies are utilised in the pre-treatment of biowaste to obtain chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the [[conversion]] followed by an optional [[post-processing]] after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of pre-processing, others such as the separation processes and technologies can be utilised in both pre- and [[post-processing]].</onlyinclude> | ||
== | == Chemical processes and technologies<!-- Not only chemical processes. Enzymes can also be used for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. -->== | ||
* [[Hydrolysis]] | * [[Hydrolysis]] | ||
** [[Hydrolysis#Acid|Acid]] | ** [[Hydrolysis#Acid|Acid]] | ||
**[[Hydrolysis#Alkali|Alkali]] | ** [[Hydrolysis#Alkali|Alkali]] | ||
** [[Hydrolysis#Salt|Salt]] | ** [[Hydrolysis#Salt|Salt]] | ||
*** [[Hydrolysis# | *** [[Hydrolysis#Metal%20salts|Metal salts]] | ||
*** [[Hydrolysis# | *** [[Hydrolysis#Sulphite%20salt|Sulphite salt]] | ||
** [[Hydrolysis#Solvent|Solvent]] | ** [[Hydrolysis#Solvent|Solvent]] | ||
*** [[Hydrolysis#Organosolv|Organosolv]] | *** [[Hydrolysis#Organosolv|Organosolv]] | ||
| Line 21: | Line 14: | ||
* [[Oxidation]] | * [[Oxidation]] | ||
== Physical processes and technologies | == Physical processes and technologies == | ||
* [[Densification]] | * [[Densification]] | ||
*[[Sizing]] | * [[Sizing]] | ||
**[[Sizing#Chipping|Chipping]] | ** [[Sizing#Chipping|Chipping]] | ||
**[[Sizing#Grinding|Grinding]] | **[[Sizing#Extrusion|Extrusion]] | ||
** [[Sizing#Grinding|Grinding]] | |||
**[[Sizing#Milling|Milling]] | |||
* [[Microwave treatment]] | * [[Microwave treatment]] | ||
* [[Steam explosion]] | * [[Steam explosion]] | ||
* [[Ultrasonication]] | * [[Ultrasonication]] | ||
==Separation technologies== | |||
*Mechanical separations | == Separation technologies == | ||
**[[Centrifugation]] | |||
**[[Membrane filtration]] | * Mechanical separations | ||
**[[ | ** [[Centrifugation]] | ||
** [[Membrane filtration]] | |||
*Physicochemical separations | ** [[Sieving]] | ||
**[[Chromatography]] | * Physicochemical separations | ||
**[[Crystallisation and precipitation]] | ** [[Chromatography]] | ||
**[[Distillation]] | ** [[Crystallisation and precipitation]] | ||
**[[Drying]] | ** [[Distillation]] | ||
***[[Drying#Air%20drying|Air drying]] | ** [[Drying]] | ||
***[[Drying#Nitrogen%20drying|Nitrogen drying]] | *** [[Drying#Air%20drying|Air drying]] | ||
***[[Drying#Freeze%20drying|Freeze drying]] | *** [[Drying#Nitrogen%20drying|Nitrogen drying]] | ||
***[[Drying#Thermal%20drying|Thermal drying]] | *** [[Drying#Freeze%20drying|Freeze drying]] | ||
***[[Drying#Vacuum%20drying|Vacuum drying]] | *** [[Drying#Thermal%20drying|Thermal drying]] | ||
**[[ | *** [[Drying#Vacuum%20drying|Vacuum drying]] | ||
**[[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)]] | ** [[Extraction]] | ||
***[[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)#Asymmetric%20flow%20FFF%20.28AF4.29|Asymmetric flow FFF (AF4)]] | ***[[Extraction#Liquid-liquid extraction|Liquid-liquid extraction]] | ||
***[[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)#Centrifugal%20FFF|Centrifugal FFF]] | ***[[Extraction#Solid-liquid%20extraction|Solid-liquid extraction]] | ||
***[[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)#Electrical%20FFF|Electrical FFF]] | ** [[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)]] | ||
***[[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)#Split%20flow%20thin-cell%20fractionation%20.28SPLITT.29|Split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT)]] | *** [[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)#Asymmetric%20flow%20FFF%20.28AF4.29|Asymmetric flow FFF (AF4)]] | ||
***[[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)#Thermal%20FFF|Thermal FFF]] | *** [[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)#Centrifugal%20FFF|Centrifugal FFF]] | ||
**[[Flocculation]] | *** [[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)#Electrical%20FFF|Electrical FFF]] | ||
*** [[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)#Split%20flow%20thin-cell%20fractionation%20.28SPLITT.29|Split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT)]] | |||
*** [[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)#Thermal%20FFF|Thermal FFF]] | |||
** [[Flocculation]] | |||
== Thermochemical processes and technologies == | == Thermochemical processes and technologies == | ||
* [[Ammonia fibre expansion]] | * [[Ammonia fibre expansion]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:52, 22 February 2022
Pre-processing technologies are utilised in the pre-treatment of biowaste to obtain chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the conversion followed by an optional post-processing after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of pre-processing, others such as the separation processes and technologies can be utilised in both pre- and post-processing.
Chemical processes and technologies
Physical processes and technologies
Separation technologies
- Mechanical separations
- Physicochemical separations