Difference between revisions of "Oxidation"
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{{Infobox technology|Name=Oxidation|Category=Pre- and | {{Infobox technology|Name=Oxidation|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biomass (corn bobs, rye grass, clover)|Product=Cellulose and hemicellulose}} | ||
''This article is about oxidative pretreatment. For oxidation as a chemical conversion, see [[heterogeneous catalysis]].'' | ''This article is about oxidative pretreatment. For oxidation as a chemical conversion, see [[heterogeneous catalysis]].'' | ||
The pretreatment of lignocellulosic material with the use of a strong oxidiser. The oxidiser breaks the ester and ether bonds between lignin and carbohydrates. The reaction can also be performed in water, as wet oxidation. | <onlyinclude>The pretreatment of lignocellulosic material can be done with the use of a strong oxidiser. The oxidiser breaks the ester and ether bonds between lignin and carbohydrates. The reaction can also be performed in water, as wet oxidation. In this case hydroxide radicals are formed which will break down the lignocellulosic material to lignin and carbohydrates.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=A comprehensive review on pre-treatment strategy for lignocellulosic food industry waste: Challenges and opportunities|year=2016-01|author=Rajeev Ravindran, Amit Kumar Jaiswal|journal=Bioresource Technology|volume=199|page=92–102|doi=10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.106}}</ref></onlyinclude> | ||
==Feedstock== | ==Feedstock== | ||
=== Origin and composition === | |||
Lignocellulosic biomass, such as woody biomass, <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005}}</ref> corn bobs, clover, or rye grass.<ref name=":0" /> | Lignocellulosic biomass, such as woody biomass, <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005}}</ref> corn bobs, clover, or rye grass.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== Pre-treatment === | |||
* [[Sizing]] | |||
==Process and technologies== | ==Process and technologies== | ||
The process uses an oxidative agent, such as potassium permanganate or oxygen. In the case of permanganate, the process benefits from higher temperatures for around 6 hours. In the case of oxygen, wet oxidation is often employed, where an oxygen pressure is applied to wet conditions.<ref name=":0" /> The process can be combined with [[Hydrolysis#Alkali|alkali hydrolysis]], for example using a lime pretreatment with calcium hydroxide.<ref name=":1" /> | The process uses an oxidative agent, such as potassium permanganate or oxygen. In the case of permanganate, the process benefits from higher temperatures for around 6 hours. In the case of oxygen, wet oxidation is often employed, where an oxygen pressure is applied to wet conditions.<ref name=":0" /> The process can be combined with [[Hydrolysis#Alkali|alkali hydrolysis]], for example using a lime pretreatment with calcium hydroxide.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
==Product== | ==Product== | ||
The oxidation pretreatment results in breaking down the lignin and makes the cellulose and hemicellulose available for further processing. Traces of soluble aromatics, which can hinder further processes, can be formed as a side product.<ref name=":1" /> | The oxidation pretreatment results in breaking down the lignin and makes the cellulose and hemicellulose available for further processing. Traces of soluble aromatics, which can hinder further processes, can be formed as a side product.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
=== Post-treatment === | |||
Currently there are no specific post-treatmen technologies known. | |||
==Technology providers== | ==Technology providers== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible | {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" | ||
|+'''Technology comparison''' | |+'''Technology comparison''' | ||
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name | ! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name | ||
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country | ! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country | ||
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology | ! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology subcategory | ||
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name | ! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name | ||
! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL | ! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=== | ===Company 1=== | ||
{{Infobox provider-oxidation}} | |||
== Open access pilot and demo facility providers == | |||
Currently no providers have been identified. | |||
==Patents== | ==Patents== | ||
Currently no patents have been identified | Currently no patents have been identified. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Pre-processing]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Technologies]] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:08, 7 March 2023
| Technology | |
| |
| Technology details | |
| Name: | Oxidation |
| Category: | Pre-processing (Chemical processes and technologies) |
| Feedstock: | Lignocellulosic biomass (corn bobs, rye grass, clover) |
| Product: | Cellulose and hemicellulose |
This article is about oxidative pretreatment. For oxidation as a chemical conversion, see heterogeneous catalysis.
The pretreatment of lignocellulosic material can be done with the use of a strong oxidiser. The oxidiser breaks the ester and ether bonds between lignin and carbohydrates. The reaction can also be performed in water, as wet oxidation. In this case hydroxide radicals are formed which will break down the lignocellulosic material to lignin and carbohydrates.[1]
Feedstock
Origin and composition
Lignocellulosic biomass, such as woody biomass, [2] corn bobs, clover, or rye grass.[1]
Pre-treatment
Process and technologies
The process uses an oxidative agent, such as potassium permanganate or oxygen. In the case of permanganate, the process benefits from higher temperatures for around 6 hours. In the case of oxygen, wet oxidation is often employed, where an oxygen pressure is applied to wet conditions.[1] The process can be combined with alkali hydrolysis, for example using a lime pretreatment with calcium hydroxide.[2]
Product
The oxidation pretreatment results in breaking down the lignin and makes the cellulose and hemicellulose available for further processing. Traces of soluble aromatics, which can hinder further processes, can be formed as a side product.[2]
Post-treatment
Currently there are no specific post-treatmen technologies known.
Technology providers
| Company name | Country | Technology subcategory | Technology name | TRL | Capacity [kg/h] | Reagent | Feedstock: Food waste | Feedstock: Garden & park waste |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Company 1 | [Country HQ location] | [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)] | [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)] | [4-9] | [numeric value] | ● | ● | |
| Company 2 | [Country HQ location] | [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)] | [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)] | [4-9] | [numeric value] | ● | ● |
Company 1
| General information | |||
| Company: |
| ||
| Country: | |||
| Contact: | |||
| Webpage: | |||
| Technology and process details | |||
| Technology name: | Technology category: | Pre-processing (Chemical processes and technologies) | |
| TRL: | Capacity: | kg·h-1 | |
| Pressure: | bar | Reagent: | |
| Temperature: | °C | Other: | |
| Feedstock and product details | |||
| Feedstock: | Product: | ||
Open access pilot and demo facility providers
Currently no providers have been identified.
Patents
Currently no patents have been identified.
References
- ↑ a b c Rajeev Ravindran, Amit Kumar Jaiswal, 2016-01: A comprehensive review on pre-treatment strategy for lignocellulosic food industry waste: Challenges and opportunities. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 199, 92–102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.106
- ↑ a b c Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin, 2011-11: Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application. Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 29, (6), 675–685. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005