Difference between revisions of "Extraction"

[checked revision]

Latest revision as of 10:43, 7 March 2023

Technology

Technology details
Name:	Extraction
Category:	Pre-processing (Separation technologies), Post-processing (Separation technologies)
Feedstock:	Any freedstock with extractable substances from Food waste and Garden and park waste
Product:	Extractable substance

Extraction is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. Common examples include liquid-liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction. The term washing may also be used to refer to an extraction in which impurities are extracted from the solvent containing the desired compound.

Feedstock

Origin and composition

Extraction can be used to separate a valuable substance from the feed stream which can be Food waste and Garden and park waste.

Pre-treatment

Various pre-treatments may be utilised. Physical pre-treatments are mainly used to make the extractable substances acessable, e.g. by incresing the surface area of the feedstock (through Sizingand Steam explosion) and/or to release extractable substances e.g. via cell disruption (through Microwave treatment or Ultrasonication).

Process and technologies

Liquid-liquid extraction

In Liquid-liquid extraction two immiscible phases are utilised to separate a desired compound from one phase into the other which is determined by the chemical properties of the compound (the solute) and the chosen solvents. One example for such process is the extraction of organic substances from an aqueous phase into an organic phase. For that the two (organic and aqueous) liquids are mixed to enable substance transfer followed by separating the two liqiuids. The two steps can take place in separate reactors. The solvent has to be chosen in a way that impurities does not dissolve or only dissolve very limited.

Solid-liquid extraction

In solvent-liquid extractions the desired compound is dissolved in an extracting solvent. Thereby the solvent has to be chosen in a way that impurities does not dissolve or only dissolve very limited. The solvent is heated within a reactor utilising the reflux technique. The reflux process includes the steps of dissolution, heating/distillation, condensation, and collection which increases its concentration after each cycle.

Products

Post-treatment

Various post-treatments may be utilised during or after the extraction process which includes:

Technology providers

**Technology comparison**
Company name	Country	Technology subcategory	Technology name	TRL	Capacity [kg/h]	Feedstock: Food waste	Feedstock: Garden & park waste

Company 1	[Country HQ location]	[Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)]	[Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]	[4-9]	[numeric value]	●	●
Company 2	[Country HQ location]	[(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)]	[Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]	[4-9]	[numeric value]	●	●

Company 1

[Technology name] provider
General information
Company:
Country:
Contact:
Webpage:
Technology and process details
Technology name:	Technology category:	Pre-processing (Separation technologies), Post-processing (Separation technologies)
TRL:	Capacity:	kg·h^-1
Extractable substance:	Other:
Feedstock and product details
Feedstock:	Product:

Open access pilot and demo facility providers

Pilots4U Database

Patents

Currently no patents have been identified.

References

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Infobox technology}}<onlyinclude>'''Extraction''' is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. Common examples include ''liquid-liquid extraction'', and ''solid phase extraction''. The term ''washing'' may also be used to refer to an extraction in which impurities are extracted from the solvent containing the desired compound.</onlyinclude>
+{{Infobox technology|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]]), [[Post-processing]] ([[Post-processing#Separation_technologies|Separation technologies]])|Name=Extraction|Feedstock=Any freedstock with extractable substances from [[Food waste]] and [[Garden and park waste]]|Product=Extractable substance}}
+<onlyinclude>'''Extraction''' is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. Common examples include ''liquid-liquid extraction'', and ''solid phase extraction''. The term ''washing'' may also be used to refer to an extraction in which impurities are extracted from the solvent containing the desired compound.</onlyinclude>
+==Feedstock==
+=== Origin and composition ===
+Extraction can be used to separate a valuable substance from the feed stream which can be [[Food waste]] and [[Garden and park waste]].
+=== Pre-treatment ===
+Various pre-treatments may be utilised. Physical pre-treatments are mainly used to make the extractable substances acessable, e.g. by incresing the surface area of the feedstock (through [[Sizing]]<nowiki/>and [[Steam explosion]]) and/or to release extractable substances e.g. via cell disruption (through [[Microwave treatment]] or [[Ultrasonication]]).
-==Input==
-Extraction can be used to separate a valuable substance from the feed stream.
 ==Process and technologies==
-Fluid-fluid extraction has various possible implementation forms on an industrial scale. Two main categories can be distinguished:
-The first category consists of mixers-remixers (mixer-settlers), where the extraction process consists of two separate steps. In the first step, the two liquids are mixed to enable substance transfer. In the second step, the two liquids are separated. The two steps can take place in separate reactors.
+=== Liquid-liquid extraction ===
+In Liquid-liquid extraction two immiscible phases are utilised to separate a desired compound from one phase into the other which is determined by the chemical properties of the compound (the solute) and the chosen solvents. One example for such process is the extraction of organic substances from an aqueous phase into an organic phase. For that the two (organic and aqueous) liquids are mixed to enable substance transfer followed by separating the two liqiuids. The two steps can take place in separate reactors. The solvent has to be chosen in a way that impurities does not dissolve  or only dissolve very limited.
-The second category uses columns in which the two liquids are in continuous contact with each other. Here, typically special measures are taken to increase the contact surface between the feed and extraction flow (e.g. dispersion of one liquid, use of trays or packing material, ... ).
+=== Solid-liquid extraction ===
+In solvent-liquid extractions the desired compound is dissolved in an extracting solvent. Thereby the solvent has to be chosen in a way that impurities does not dissolve or only dissolve very limited. The solvent is heated within a reactor utilising the reflux technique. The reflux process  includes the steps of dissolution, heating/distillation, condensation, and  collection which increases its concentration after each cycle.
+==Products==
+=== Post-treatment ===
+Various post-treatments may be utilised during or after the extraction process which includes:
+* [[Centrifugation]]
+*[[Crystallisation and precipitation]]
+*[[Drying]]
+*[[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)]]
+*[[Flocculation]]
+*[[Ionic liquids]]
+*[[Membrane filtration]]
+* [[Microwave treatment]]
+* [[Sieving]]
-Liquid-liquid extraction is a process that separates substances based on their chemical properties. The principle consists of bringing the contaminated feed flow into contact with a second fluid, i.e. the extraction fluid. The extraction fluid is chosen in such a way that it does not mix with the supply flow and that it dissolves the pollutant well. During the extraction process, the contamination of the supply flow will (partially) transfer to the extraction fluid, until a balance in concentration has been reached. This balance depends on the affinity the pollutant has for the extraction fluid. If several substances are present, the balance will be substance-dependent. In an additional step, the pollutant is separated from the extraction fluid so it can be reused.
-==Output==
-x
 ==Technology providers==
-===ABC===
+{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
-describe the company, here is an example
+|+'''Technology comparison'''
+! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Company name
-''ABC was founded in 20... 12 by KNN and Syncom, in collaboration with the university of Groningen, Netherlands. The company is a technology provider developing chemical recycling technologies for different feedstocks including non-food bio- and plastics waste. In 2018 a pilot plant with the capability to process biomass and plastic waste was set up at the Zernike Advanced Processing (ZAP) Facility. The company is now focused on setting up their first commercial plant with a capacity of 20,000 to 30,000 tonnes. The investing phase B was recently completed, with the last investment phase in 2019 the financial requirements are fulfilled to complete the commercialisation activities to build the plant which is expected for 2023.''
+! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Country
+! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology subcategory
+! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Technology name
+! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| TRL
+! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Capacity [kg/h]
+! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Extractable substance
+! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Food waste
+! class="cd-text-darkgreen" style="{{writing-mode|s2}};vertical-align:{{{va|bottom}}}"| Feedstock: Garden & park waste
+|-
+! style="height:1.8em;"|
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+!
+|-
+| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_1|Company 1]]
+| [Country HQ location]
+| [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
+| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
+| [4-9]
+| [numeric value]
+|
+| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
+| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
+|-
+| [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Company_2|Company 2]]
+| [Country HQ location]
+| [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter [[Help:Article content of technology pages#Process_and_technologies|Process and technologies]])]
+| [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]
+| [4-9]
+| [numeric value]
+|
+| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
+| class="cd-background-lightgreen cd-text-darkgreen" style="text-align:center" |●
+|}
-describe their technology, here is an example
+===Company 1===
+{{Infobox provider-extraction}}
-''The technology is based on an Integrated Cascading Catalytic Pyrolysis (ICCP) process, being able to produce aromatics including benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) as well as light olefins from low grade biomass and plastics waste. This technology utilises catalytic cracking in a two-step process at temperatures between 450- 850 °C. In the first step the feedstock material is vaporised via thermal cracking. The pyrolysis vapours are then directly passed into a second reactor in which they are converted into aromatics by utilising a zeolite catalyst which can be continuously regenerated. Finally, the products are separated from the gas via condensation. An ex situ approach of catalytic conversion has several advantages such as the protection of the catalyst from deactivation/degradation expanding its lifetime, a greater variety of feedstock, and a precise adjustment of process conditions (e.g. temperature, catalyst design, and Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) in each step for improved yields. In current pilot plant with 10 kg h-1 feed capacity for either waste plastics or biomass, final design details are established, which will be include in the running engineering activities for the commercial plant.''{{Infobox provider-pyrolysis
+== Open access pilot and demo facility providers ==
-| Company = ABC
+[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=106&field_technology_area_target_id%5B79%5D=79&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database]
-| Webpage = https://biobtx.com/
-| Location = The Netherlands
-| Business-Model = Licensing
-| TRL = 5-6
-| Patent = WO2017222380A1
-| Technology name = Integrated Cascading Catalytic Pyrolysis (ICCP) technology
-| Technology category = Catalytic Pyrolysis, two-step
-| Feedstock = Biomass (liquid, solid), wood pulp lignin residues, used cooking oil
-| Product = Benzene, toluene, xylene, aromatics, light gases
-| Reactor = Fluidised sand bed, fixed bed
-| Heating = Fluidised sand bed
-| Atmosphere = Inert
-| Pressure = 1-4
-| Capacity = 10
-| Temperature = 450-650
-| Catalyst = Zeolite
-| Other = Unknown
-}}
 == Patents ==
+Currently no patents have been identified.
 ==References==
-[[Category:Hybrid processing]]
+[[Category:Pre-processing]]
+[[Category:Post-processing]]
+[[Category:Technologies]]