Difference between revisions of "Primary processing"

[checked revision]

Latest revision as of 12:58, 9 February 2022

Primary processing of biowaste results in intermediate chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the secondary processing or hybrid processing after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of primary processing, others (such as the separation processes and technologies) can be utilised in both primary and secondary processing which places them into hybrid processing.

Biochemical processes and technologies

Chemical processes and technologies (these might be hybrid processing)

Physical processes and technologies (these might be hybrid processing)

Thermochemical processes and technologies

Other processes and technologies

Pulping

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-<onlyinclude>Physical pre-treatments are based on physical principles whithout significantly changing the chemical structure of the feedstock. A change in the overall chemical composition might occur due to physical separation of different substances.</onlyinclude>
+<onlyinclude>'''Primary processing''' of biowaste results in intermediate chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the [[secondary processing]] or [[hybrid processing]] after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of primary processing, others (such as the [[Hybrid processing#Separation_processes_and_technologies|separation processes and technologies]]) can be utilised in both primary and [[secondary processing]] which places them into [[hybrid processing]].</onlyinclude>
-== Densification ==
+== Biochemical processes and technologies ==
+* [[Anaerobic digestion]]
+* [[Composting]]
+*[[Enzymatic processes]]
+* [[Insect farming]]
-=== Pressure-densification ===
+== Chemical processes and technologies (these might be [[hybrid processing]]) ==
-== Drying (evaporation) ==
+* [[Hydrolysis]]
+** [[Hydrolysis#Acid|Acid]]
+**[[Hydrolysis#Alkali|Alkali]]
+** [[Hydrolysis#Salt|Salt]]
+*** [[Hydrolysis#Metal_salts|Metal salts]]
+*** [[Hydrolysis#Sulphite_salt|Sulphite salt]]
+** [[Hydrolysis#Solvent|Solvent]]
+*** [[Hydrolysis#Organosolv|Organosolv]]
+** [[Hydrolysis#Subcritical_water|Subcritical water]]
+* [[Ionic liquids]]
+* [[Oxidation]]
-=== Air drying ===
+== Physical processes and technologies (these might be [[hybrid processing]]) ==
-Dehydration process that involves the evaporation of water under an oxygen atmosphere. The exchange of oxygen with low humidity accelerates this process but may lead to an (unwanted) oxidation of the product.
-=== Nitrogen drying ===
+* [[Densification]]
-Dehydration process that involves the evaporation of water under an nitrogen atmosphere. The exchange of nitrogen  accelerates this process. Since nitrogen is an inert gas unwanted reactions such as oxidation of the product are avoided.
+*[[Sizing]]
+**[[Sizing#Chipping|Chipping]]
+**[[Sizing#Grinding|Grinding]]
+* [[Microwave treatment]]
+* [[Steam explosion]]
+* [[Ultrasonication]]
-=== Freeze drying ===
+== Thermochemical processes and technologies ==
-Also known as '''lyophilisation'''. The technology represents a low temperature dehydration process that involves freezing the product, lowering pressure, then removing the ice by sublimation.
-=== Thermal drying ===
+* [[Ammonia fibre expansion]]
+* [[Gasification]]
+* [[Hydrothermal processing]]
+* [[Pyrolysis]]
+* [[Torrefaction]]
-== Separation ==
+== Other processes and technologies ==
+*[[Pulping]]
-=== Centrifugation ===
+**[[Pulping#Chemical_pulping|Chemical pulping]]
+*** [[Pulping#Dissolving_pulp_and_organosolv|Organosolv]]
-=== Dialysis ===
+*** [[Pulping#Cold_soda_pulping|Soda]]
+*** [[Pulping#Sulphate_pulping_(Kraft)|Sulphate]]
-=== Distillation ===
+*** [[Pulping#Sulphite_pulping|Sulphite]]
+** [[Pulping#Hybrid_pulping|Hybrid pulping]]
-=== Field-Flow fractionation (FFF) ===
+*** [[Pulping#Chemi-thermo-mechanical_pulping_(CTMP)|Chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP)]]
+***[[Pulping#Neutral_Sulfite_Semi_Chemical_Pulping_(NSSC)|Neutral Sulfite Semi Chemical pulping (NSSC)]]
-=== Filtration ===
+**[[Pulping#Mechanical_pulping|Mechanical pulping]]
+*** [[Pulping#Refiner|Refiner]]
-==== Membrane Filtration ====
+**** [[Pulping#Refiner_mechanical_pulping_(RMP)|Refiner mechanical pulping (RMP)]]
+****[[Pulping#Thermomechanical_pulping_(TMP)|Thermomechanical pulping (TMP)]]
-==== Pressure filtration ====
+*** [[Pulping#Groundwood|Groundwood]]
+**** [[Pulping#Pressure_groundwood_(PGW)|Pressure groundwood (PGW)]]
-==== Ultrafiltration ====
+****[[Pulping#Stone_groundwood_(SGW)|Stone groundwood (SGW)]]
+**** [[Pulping#Thermal_groundwood_(TGW)|Thermal groundwood (TGW)]]
-=== Sedimentation ===
-=== Sieving ===
-== Steam explosion ==
-== Sizing ==