Difference between revisions of "Secondary processing"

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<onlyinclude>'''Core technologies''' are used to valorise raw materials either directly or indirectly (after being processed via [[pre-treatment technologies]]).</onlyinclude>
<onlyinclude>'''Secondary processing''' covers either the direct or indirect (processing of intermediates from [[primary processing]]) valorisation of biowaste into a final product. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of secondary processing, others (such as the [[Hybrid processing#Separation_processes_and_technologies|separation processes and technologies]]) can be utilised in both [[Primary processing|primary]] and secondary processing which places them into [[hybrid processing]].</onlyinclude>


== Biochemical processes and technologies ==


* Biochemical
* [[Gas fermentation]]
** [[Composting]]
* [[Industrial fermentation]]
** Anaerobic digestion
* [[Solid state fermentation]]
** Insect farming


* Biocomposite processing
==Chemical processes and technologies==
** Co-processing with plastics via extruder (see: UBQ)
* [[Heterogeneous catalysis]]
* Physicochemical
* [[Polymerisation]]
** Chemical extraction
** Crystallisation, flocculation, precipitation


* Pulping
== Material processes and technologies ==
** Chemical pulping
*** Organosolv
*** Soda
*** Sulphate
*** Sulphite
** Hybrid pulping
*** Neutral Sulfite Semi Chemical pulping (NSSC)
*** Chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP)
** Mechanical pulping
*** Refiner
**** Thermomechanical pulping (TMP)
**** Refiner mechanical pulping (RMP)
*** Groundwood
**** Stone groundwood (SGW)
**** Thermal groundwood (TGW)
**** Pressure groundwood (PGW)


* Thermochemical conversion
* [[Biocomposite processing]]
** Gasification
* [[Coating and lamination]]
*** Air/Oxygen gasification
* [[Textile fibre spinning]]
*** Catalytic gasification (indirect hydrogenation)
 
*** Hydrogasification (direct hydrogenation)
== Thermochemical processes and technologies ==
*** Steam gasification
 
** [[Pyrolysis]]
* [[Gasification]]
*** Catalysic cracking
* [[Pyrolysis]]
**** One-step process
**** Two-step process
*** Hydrocracking
*** Thermal cracking
*** Thermal depolymerisation (does this apply also to biowaste?)

Latest revision as of 12:59, 9 February 2022

Secondary processing covers either the direct or indirect (processing of intermediates from primary processing) valorisation of biowaste into a final product. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of secondary processing, others (such as the separation processes and technologies) can be utilised in both primary and secondary processing which places them into hybrid processing.

Biochemical processes and technologies

Chemical processes and technologies

Material processes and technologies

Thermochemical processes and technologies