Difference between revisions of "Primary processing"

[checked revision]

Revision as of 10:25, 27 August 2021

Primary processing of biowaste results in intermediate chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the secondary processing after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of primary processing, others (such as the separation technologies) can be utilised in both primary and secondary processing.

Biochemical pre-treatments

Enzymatic (in vitro)
Fungal
Microbial
- Aeration

Chemical pre-treatments

Physical pre-treatments

Densification
- Pressure densification
Mechanical pulping
Microwave
Pressure-densification
Sizing
- Chipping
- Grinding
Steam explosion
- Air
- Supercritical CO₂
Thermal expansion
Ultrasonication

Separation pre-treatments

Physicomechanical separations
- Centrifugation
- Filtration
  - Membrane Filtration
  - Pressure filtration
  - Ultrafiltration
- Sieving
Physicochemical separations
- Chromatography
- Dialysis
- Dissolution, Crystallisation, flocculation, precipitation
- Distillation
- Drying
- Extraction
  - Acid treatment
  - Alkali treatment
- Extrusion
- Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)
- Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pre-treatment (IHRWT)

Thermochemical pre-treatments

Ammonia fibre expansion
Dry torrefaction
Wet torrefaction

Pulping (we need to divide all pulping subcatecories to the existing ones, suggestions are welcome)

Chemical pulping
- Organosolv
- Soda
- Sulphate
- Sulphite
Hybrid pulping
- Neutral Sulfite Semi Chemical pulping (NSSC)
- Chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP)
Mechanical pulping
- Refiner
  - Thermomechanical pulping (TMP)
  - Refiner mechanical pulping (RMP)
- Groundwood
  - Stone groundwood (SGW)
  - Thermal groundwood (TGW)
  - Pressure groundwood (PGW)

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 * Densification
+**Pressure densification
 *Mechanical pulping
 *Microwave