Difference between revisions of "Ionic liquids"
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{{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}} | {{Infobox technology|Name=Ioniq Liquids|Category=[[Pre-processing]] ([[Pre-processing#Chemical_processes_and_technologies|Chemical processes and technologies]])|Feedstock=Lignocellulosic biowaste|Product=Lignin}} | ||
<onlyinclude><!-- https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/18/4864/pdf | <onlyinclude><!-- https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/18/4864/pdf | ||
Good source for IL treatment of lignocellulosic biomass -->'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability. | Good source for IL treatment of lignocellulosic biomass -->'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.</onlyinclude><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. <!-- I did not find examples where already separated lignin is dissolved in ionic liquids. It seems mostly the biomass is dissolved to then allow for more efficient hydrolysis (enzymatic and others) into lignin, cellulose and other byproducts. --> | ||
==Feedstock== | ==Feedstock== | ||
=== Origin and composition === | === Origin and composition === | ||
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing. | Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing. | ||
=== Pre-treatment === | === Pre-treatment === | ||
==Process and technologies== | ==Process and technologies== | ||
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, | Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref> | ||
==Product== | ==Product== | ||
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. | The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing. | ||
=== Post-treatment<!-- I could not really find any post-treatment uses for ionic liquids. As mentioned above they are primarily used in pre-treatment steps. -->=== | === Post-treatment<!-- I could not really find any post-treatment uses for ionic liquids. As mentioned above they are primarily used in pre-treatment steps. -->=== | ||
Revision as of 13:44, 14 February 2022
| Technology | |
| |
| Technology details | |
| Name: | Ioniq Liquids |
| Category: | Pre-processing (Chemical processes and technologies) |
| Feedstock: | Lignocellulosic biowaste |
| Product: | Lignin |
Ionic liquids are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability as well. Both properties allows them to be used as green solvents and as and alternative to volatile organic compounds. These properties are useful in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.[1] Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing.
Feedstock
Origin and composition
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples for biomass include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.[1] Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.
Pre-treatment
Process and technologies
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, because it can decrease the crystallinity and therefore makes it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with hydrolysis to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.[1] Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.[2]
Product
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. Depending on the process properties it could also be that cellulose is more easily available for further processing.
Post-treatment
Technology providers
| Company name | Country | Technology category | Technology name | TRL | Capacity [kg/h] | Reagent | Feedstock: Food waste | Feedstock: Garden & park waste |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Company 1 | [Country HQ location] | [Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)] | [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)] | [4-9] | [numeric value] | ● | ● | |
| Company 2 | [Country HQ location] | [(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)] | [Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)] | [4-9] | [numeric value] | ● | ● |
RISE (Sweden)
| General information | |||
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| Technology and process details | |||
| Technology name: | Technology category: | Pre-processing (Chemical processes and technologies) | |
| TRL: | Capacity: | kg·h-1 | |
| Dissolved component: | Ionic liquid: | ||
| Other: | |||
| Feedstock and product details | |||
| Feedstock: | Product: | ||
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.[3]
Open access pilot and demo facility providers
Currently no providers have been identified.
Patents
Currently no patents have been identified.
References
- ↑ a b c Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick, 2009-04-01: Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 102, (5), 1368–1376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22179
- ↑ Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin, 2011-11-01: Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application. Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 29, (6), 675–685. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005
- ↑ , : Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers , Last access 30-8-2021. https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers