Difference between revisions of "Primary processing"

[checked revision]

Revision as of 12:43, 27 August 2021

Primary processing of biowaste results in intermediate chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the secondary processing after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of primary processing, others (such as the separation processes and technologies) can be utilised in both primary and secondary processing.

Biochemical processes and technologies

Aeration
Anaerobic digestion
Composting
Insect farming

Chemical processes and technologies (these might be hybrid processing)

Hybrid processes and technologies

Pulping
- Chemical pulping
  - Organosolv
  - Soda
  - Sulphate
  - Sulphite
- Hybrid pulping
  - Neutral Sulfite Semi Chemical pulping (NSSC)
  - Chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP)
- Mechanical pulping
  - Refiner
    - Thermomechanical pulping (TMP)
    - Refiner mechanical pulping (RMP)
  - Groundwood
    - Stone groundwood (SGW)
    - Thermal groundwood (TGW)
    - Pressure groundwood (PGW)

Physical processes and technologies

Densification
- Pressure densification
Microwave
Pressure-densification
Sizing
- Chipping
- Grinding
Steam explosion
- Air
- Supercritical CO₂
Thermal expansion
Ultrasonication

Thermochemical processes and technologies

Ammonia fibre expansion
Gasification
Hydrothermal
Pyrolysis
Torrefaction
- Dry torrefaction
- Wet torrefaction

@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 *Thermal expansion
 *Ultrasonication
-== Separation pre-treatments ==
-* Physicomechanical separations
-** Centrifugation
-** Filtration
-*** Membrane Filtration
-*** Pressure filtration
-*** Ultrafiltration
-** Sieving
-* Physicochemical separations
-** Chromatography
-** Dialysis
-** Dissolution, Crystallisation, flocculation, precipitation
-** Distillation
-** [[Drying]]
-*** [[Drying#Air drying|Air drying]]
-*** [[Drying#Nitrogen drying|Nitrogen drying]]
-*** [[Drying#Freeze drying|Freeze drying]]
-*** [[Drying#Thermal drying|Thermal drying]]
-*** [[Drying#Vacuum drying|Vacuum drying]]
-**Extraction
-***Acid treatment
-***Alkali treatment
-**Extrusion
-**[[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)]]
-*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Asymmatric flow FFF (AF4)|Asymmatric flow FFF (AF4)]]
-*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Centrifugal FFF|Centrifugal FFF]]
-*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Electrical FFF|Electrical FFF]]
-*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT)|Split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT)]]
-*** [[Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Thermal FFF|Thermal FFF]]
-** Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pre-treatment (IHRWT)
 == Thermochemical processes and technologies ==