Coating and lamination

Technology
Technology details
Name:	Coating and lamination
Category:	Post-processing (Material processes and technologies)
Feedstock:	Garden and park waste
Product:	Bio-based composite and laminate

Coating and lamination are material technologies where a coating or laminate is placed on a material surface to cover this substrate. Lamination is a finishing process in which a plastic film from a roll is bonded to a substrate such as paper, cardboard or aluminum foil. In coating, material surfaces are combined with a thermoplastic layer to form a composite material which is bondend together. The purpose of applying the coating or lamination may be functional (e.g., improved strenght and stability), decorative (e.g., aesthetic), or both.

Feedstock

Origin and composition

Coating and lamination are secondary processes where different kinds of coatings like paints or laminates are used. In the focus of this page are coatings and laminates that are derived from biogenic origin and can - at least in the future - be derived from biowaste. This includes mainly organic materials, such as polymers.

Bio-based polymers

Biopolymers are classified into different types based on their biological origin or from where they are obtained:

• Plant-produced biopolymers, which includes
  • Polysaccharides (e.g., starch and cellulose derivatives, chitosan, and alginates)
• Animal, insect, and microbial-produced biopolymers, which includes
  • Proteins or polypeptides
  • Lipids
  • Chitin
  • Collagen
• Bioderived polymers, which are polymers based on vegetable oil, cashew nut shell liquid, and tannic acid:
  • Polyesters
  • Polyurethane
  • Epoxies

Pre-treatment

As most biopolymers can be used as binders in paint, the biopolymers must be mixed with the other three main ingredients, which are pigments, solvents, and additives.

Process and technologies

Bioderived polymers, such as polymers based on vegetable oil, have versatility in structure and properties. In addition, their performance can be modified depending on requirements. This type of biopolymer is, therefore, more useful as a binder for surface coatings and paints. Polyesters are the most popular in waterborne binders for paints and coatings, and are commercially applied as biobased films for food packaging. PLA is of particular interest in food packaging, due to its excellent transparency and relatively good water resistance.

Application technologies

Extrusion lamination detail

Depending on the type of coating and or application there are different types of processes:

• Chemical vapor deposition
• Physical vapor deposition
• Chemical and electrochemical techniques (e.g., Conversion coating, Ion beam mixing, and plating)
• Spraying
• Roll-to-roll coating processes (e.g., Roller coating, slot die coating, and extrusion coating)
• Physical coating processes (e.g., spin coating and dip coating)

Extrusion coating (or slot die coating) detail

Extrusion is the most established technique for applying paper coatings and practiced industrially due to several advantages such as, continuous processing, providing uniform coating, minimal chances of pinholes and cracks, and solvent-free application.

Product

The product is a material surface/substrate with changed surface properties (e.g., increased barrier resistance) and/or enhanced aesthetics. Coatings based on polymers are used in several applications and industries, namely within aerospace, automotive, marine structures, biomedical devices, decorative stuff, energy items and packaging.

Post-treatment

Currently no post-treatment have been identified.

Technology providers

Technology comparison

Company name	Country	Technology category	Technology name	TRL	Capacity [kg/h]	Viscosity range [Pa·s]	Feedstock: Food waste	Feedstock: Garden & park waste
Company 1	[Country HQ location]	[Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)]	[Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]	[4-9]	[numeric value]		●	●
Company 2	[Country HQ location]	[(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)]	[Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]	[4-9]	[numeric value]		●	●

Company 1

Coating and lamination provider

General information
Company:
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Technology and process details
Technology name:		Technology category:	Post-processing (Material processes and technologies)
TRL:		Capacity:	kg·h-1
Mechanical properties:		Solvents:
Temperature:	°C	Tensile properties:
Viscosity range:	Pa·s	Other:
Feedstock and product details
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Patents

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