Help:Article content of technology pages
| Technology | |
| |
| Technology details | |
| Name: | Technology name |
| Category: | |
| Feedstock: | Food and kitchen waste (specified example 1, specified example 2...), Garden and park waste (specified examples), Municipal waste (specified example 1, specified example 2...) |
| Product: | Product 1, product 2, product 3 |
Technology name and short description/introduction of its basic process principles, capabilities, feedstock, product, application fields etc.
Feedstock
Origin and composition
Description about which kind of relevant feedstock (biowaste) is usually processed (relevant feedstocks can be found under Biowaste). More information about origin and composition and how is that related to the process and product outcome (quality, advantages, disadvantages). Tables can help to give a better overview.
Pre-treatment
Description or list about pre-treatments that are necessary before the feedstock can be processed via the technology. Primary processing or Hybrid processing might provide suitable candidates. If they are not covered yet please provide feedback or feel free to create pages for missing pre-treatments.
Process and technologies
Main description about the process and technologies (including process conditions etc.). The technologies might have further sub-categorisations that can be introduced and described in subchapters as follows:
Category 1
Description about a special sub-category of the technology including the main features and differentiation from the other subcategories. If applies: advantages, disadvantages, limitations, differences in ability to process different feedstocks, product quality.
Category 2
Description about a special sub-category of the technology including the main features and differentiation from the other subcategories. If applies: advantages, disadvantages, limitations, differences in ability to process different feedstocks, product quality.
Reactions or physical principle
Reactions or physical principles can explaned in more detail if needed.
Product
Main description about the products that are obtained including application fields, as well as potentially impacts on quality, yield etc. Sub-chapters as follows are recommended if several products are obtained
Product 1
Description about the products that are obtained including application fields, as well as potentially impacts on quality, yield etc.
Product 2
Description about the products that are obtained including application fields, as well as potentially impacts on quality, yield etc.
Post-treatment
Description or list about post-treatments that are necessary after the feedstock is processed via the technology. Primary processing or Hybrid processing might provide suitable candidates. If they are not covered yet please provide feedback or feel free to create pages for missing pre-treatments.
Technology providers
| Company name | Country | City | Technology category | Technology name | TRL | Capacity [kg/h] | Feedstock: Food & kitchen waste | Feedstock: Garden & park waste | Feedstock: Municipal waste | Product: Char | Product: Oil | Product: Syngas |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Company 1 | Country 1 | City 3 | Technology category | Technology name | 5 | 1 | ● | ● | ● | |||
| Company 2 | Country 4 | City 4 | Technology category | Technology name | 1 | 10 | ● | ● | ● |
Company 1
| General information | |||
| Company: | Bio-BTX B.V. |
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| Country: | |||
| Contact: | |||
| Webpage: | https://biobtx.com/ | ||
| Technology and process details | |||
| Technology name: | Integrated Cascading Catalytic Pyrolysis (ICCP) technology | Technology category: | Conversion (Thermochemical processes and technologies) |
| TRL: | 5-6 | Capacity: | 10 kg·h-1 |
| Atmosphere: | Inert | Catalyst: | Zeolite |
| Heating: | Fluidised sand bed | Pressure: | 1-4 bar |
| Reactor: | Fluidised sand bed, fixed bed | Temperature: | 450-650 °C |
| Other: | Unknown | ||
| Feedstock and product details | |||
| Feedstock: | Biomass (liquid, solid), wood pulp lignin residues, used cooking oil | Product: | Benzene, toluene, xylene, aromatics, light gases |
BioBTX was founded in 2012 by KNN and Syncom, in collaboration with the university of Groningen, Netherlands. The company is a technology provider developing chemical recycling technologies for different feedstocks including non-food bio- and plastics waste. In 2018 a pilot plant with the capability to process biomass and plastic waste was set up at the Zernike Advanced Processing (ZAP) Facility. The company is now focused on setting up their first commercial plant with a capacity of 20,000 to 30,000 tonnes. The investing phase B was recently completed, with the last investment phase in 2019 the financial requirements are fulfilled to complete the commercialisation activities to build the plant which is expected for 2023.
The technology is based on an Integrated Cascading Catalytic Pyrolysis (ICCP) process, being able to produce aromatics including benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) as well as light olefins from low grade biomass and plastics waste. This technology utilises catalytic cracking in a two-step process at temperatures between 450- 850 °C. In the first step the feedstock material is vaporised via thermal cracking. The pyrolysis vapours are then directly passed into a second reactor in which they are converted into aromatics by utilising a zeolite catalyst which can be continuously regenerated. Finally, the products are separated from the gas via condensation. An ex situ approach of catalytic conversion has several advantages such as the protection of the catalyst from deactivation/degradation expanding its lifetime, a greater variety of feedstock, and a precise adjustment of process conditions (e.g. temperature, catalyst design, and Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) in each step for improved yields. In current pilot plant with 10 kg h-1 feed capacity for either waste plastics or biomass, final design details are established, which will be include in the running engineering activities for the commercial plant.
BTG Bioliquids
| General information | |||
| Company: | BTG Bioliquids |
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| Country: | |||
| Contact: | |||
| Webpage: | https://www.btg-bioliquids.com/ | ||
| Technology and process details | |||
| Technology name: | BTG fast pyrolysis technology | Technology category: | Conversion (Thermochemical processes and technologies) |
| TRL: | 8-9 | Capacity: | 5,000 kg·h-1 |
| Atmosphere: | Inert | Catalyst: | - |
| Heating: | Fluidised sand bed | Pressure: | - bar |
| Reactor: | Rotating Cone Reactor | Temperature: | 400-550 °C |
| Other: | - | ||
| Feedstock and product details | |||
| Feedstock: | Woody biomass | Product: | Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil (FPBO), heat (steam), power (electricity) |
BTG Bioliquids, a spin-off company from BTG Biomass Technology Group, was founded in 2007 in Enschede, the Netherlands. BTG Bioliquids aims for commercial implementation of their fast pyrolysis technology, which focuses on wood residues. Since 2015, the first successful production plant EMPYRO is in operation in Hengelo, the Netherlands, producing 24,000 tonnes pyrolysis oil per year. In 2018 EMPYRO was sold to Twence. Several new plants with Green Fuel Nordic in Finland and with Pyrocell in Sweden are announced, with currently one plant operational in Sweden.
Fortum (Combined Heat and Power plant, CHP; LignoCat?)
Fraunhofer UMSICHT (TCR-Process --> Susteen Technologies GmbH?)
Green Fuel Nordic
KIT (bioliq-Project)
Preem (Biozin; RenFuel)
Pyrocell
Statkraft (Silva Green Fuel)
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Further providers
Patents
References
Al Arni, S. 2018: Comparison of slow and fast pyrolysis for converting biomass into fuel. Renewable Energy, Vol. 124 197-201. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.04.060
Czajczyńska, D., Anguilano, L., Ghazal, H., Krzyżyńska, R., Reynolds, A. J., Spencer, N. and Jouhara, H. 2017: Potential of pyrolysis processes in the waste management sector. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, Vol. 3 171-197. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2017.06.003
Speight, J. 2019: Handbook of Industrial Hydrocarbon Processes. Gulf Professional Publishing, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Tan, H., Lee, C. T., Ong, P. Y., Wong, K. Y., Bong, C. P. C., Li, C. and Gao, Y. 2021: A Review On The Comparison Between Slow Pyrolysis And Fast Pyrolysis On The Quality Of Lignocellulosic And Lignin-Based Biochar. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 1051 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1051/1/012075
Waheed, Q. M. K., Nahil, M. A. and Williams, P. T. 2013: Pyrolysis of waste biomass: investigation of fast pyrolysis and slow pyrolysis process conditions on product yield and gas composition. Journal of the Energy Institute, Vol. 86 (4), 233-241. doi:10.1179/1743967113Z.00000000067
Zaman, C. Z., Pal, K., Yehye, W. A., Sagadevan, S., Shah, S. T., Adebisi, G. A., Marliana, E., Rafique, R. F. and Johan, R. B. 2017: Pyrolysis: A Sustainable Way to Generate Energy from Waste. IntechOpen