Post-processing

Post-processing technologies are utilised in the post-treatment or upgrading of chemicals and/or materials obtained from the conversion after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of post-processing, others such as the separation processes and technologies can be utilised in both pre-processing and post-processing.

Physical processes and technologies

• Densification
• Sizing
  • Chipping
  • Grinding
• Microwave treatment
• Steam explosion
• Ultrasonication

Separation technologies

• Mechanical separations
  • Centrifugation
  • Membrane filtration
  • Particle classification, sieving
  • Particle filtering
• Physicochemical separations
  • Chromatography
  • Crystallisation and precipitation
  • Distillation
  • Drying
    • Air drying
    • Nitrogen drying
    • Freeze drying
    • Thermal drying
    • Vacuum drying
  • Extraction
  • Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)
    • Asymmetric flow FFF (AF4)
    • Centrifugal FFF
    • Electrical FFF
    • Split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT)
    • Thermal FFF
  • Flocculation