Hybrid processing

Hybrid processing covers processes that can be utilised in both primary processing and secondary processing.

Separation technologies

• Mechanical separations
  • Centrifugation
  • Membrane filtration
  • Particle classification, sieving
  • Particle filtering
• Physicochemical separations
  • Chromatography
  • Crystallisation and precipitation
  • Distillation
  • Drying
    • Air drying
    • Nitrogen drying
    • Freeze drying
    • Thermal drying
    • Vacuum drying
  • Extraction
  • Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)
    • Asymmetric flow FFF (AF4)
    • Centrifugal FFF
    • Electrical FFF
    • Split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT)
    • Thermal FFF
  • Flocculation

Other

• Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pre-treatment (IHRWT)