Primary processing
Pre-treatments are used to prepare raw materials so that they can be processed by core technologies.
Biochemical pre-treatments
Enzymatic
Chemical pre-treatments
Hydrolysis
Physical pre-treatments
Densification
Pressure-densification
Sizing
Chipping
Grinding
Steam explosion
Separation
Mechanical separations
Centrifugation
Filtration
Membrane Filtration
Pressure filtration
Ultrafiltration
Sedimentation
Sieving
Physicochemical separations
Chromatography
Crystallisation, flocculation, precipitation
Dialysis
Distillation
Drying (evaporation)
All drying technologies are based on the evaporation of different liquids under different gas atmospheres and physical conditions resulting in dry products or products with a desired humidity.
Air drying
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under an oxygen atmosphere. The exchange of oxygen with low humidity accelerates this process but may lead to an (unwanted) oxidation of the product.
Nitrogen drying
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under an nitrogen atmosphere. The exchange of nitrogen accelerates this process. Since nitrogen is an inert gas unwanted reactions such as oxidation of the product are avoided.
Freeze drying
Also known as lyophilisation. The technology represents a low temperature dehydration process that involves freezing the product, lowering pressure, then removing the ice by sublimation.
Thermal drying
Process that involves the evaporation of liquids under different atmospheres. With increasing application of heat the process can be accelerated. Very high temperatures may lead to unwanted reactions of the product.
Vacuum drying
Process that involves the evaporation of Liquids under an vacuum atmosphere. The vacuum atmosphere allows the evaporation of liquids at lower temperatures than under atmospheric pressure.
Technology providers
| Company name | Country | City | Technology category | Technology name | TRL | Typical feedstock | Typical product | Capacity
[kg/h] |
Max volume [L] | Max Mass
[kg] |
Temperature [°C] | Pressure [bar] | Gas atmosphere | Evaporable substances |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Company 1 | Germany | Cologne | Freeze drying | Powerdry 5000 | 9 | Plant material | Freeze-dried plant material | 0.00138 | 100 | 1 | -20 | 0.0004 | Vacuum | Alcohol, Water |
| Company 2 | France | Paris | Nitrogen drying | Nitrodry | 9 | Protein solution | Protein | 0.003 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 20 | 1 | Nitrogen | Alcohol, Water |
Company 1
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Company 2
Here you can find further information about company 2.