Primary processing

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A pre-treatment is used to prepare raw materials so that they can be processed by core technologies.

Biochemical pre-treatments

  • Enzymatic

Chemical pre-treatments

  • Hydrolysis

Physical pre-treatments

  • Densification
  • Pressure-densification
  • Sizing
  • Chipping
  • Grinding
  • Steam explosion

Separation pre-treatments

Thermochemical pre-treatments

  • Ammonia fibre expansion
  • Dry torrefaction
  • Wet torrefaction