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Difference between revisions of "Ionic liquids"
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==Feedstock== | ==Feedstock== | ||
=== Origin and composition === | |||
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing. | Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples include corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing. | ||
=== Pre-treatment === | |||
==Process and technologies== | ==Process and technologies== | ||
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, which can decrease its crystalinity and therefore make it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref> | Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, which can decrease its crystalinity and therefore make it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> Cellulose can be recovered from the solution by the addition of water, ethanol, or acetone, while the ionic liquid can be recovered by pervaporation, reverse osmosis, salting out, or ionic exchange.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11-01|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin}}</ref> | ||
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==Product== | ==Product== | ||
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. The resulting lignin can be one of the products, the other begin the remaining lignocellulosic material, where the cellulose is more easily available for further processing. | The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. The resulting lignin can be one of the products, the other begin the remaining lignocellulosic material, where the cellulose is more easily available for further processing. | ||
=== Post-treatment === | |||
==Technology providers== | ==Technology providers== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||