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Difference between revisions of "Flocculation"
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<onlyinclude>'''Flocculation''' is used in biotechnology applications in conjunction with microfiltration to improve the efficiency of biological feeds. The addition of synthetic flocculants to the bioreactor can increase the average particle size making microfiltration more efficient.</onlyinclude> When flocculants are not added, cakes form and accumulate causing low cell viability. Positively charged flocculants work better than negatively charged ones since the cells are generally negatively charged. | {{Infobox technology}}<onlyinclude>'''Flocculation''' is used in biotechnology applications in conjunction with microfiltration to improve the efficiency of biological feeds. The addition of synthetic flocculants to the bioreactor can increase the average particle size making microfiltration more efficient.</onlyinclude> When flocculants are not added, cakes form and accumulate causing low cell viability. Positively charged flocculants work better than negatively charged ones since the cells are generally negatively charged. | ||
==Feedstock== | |||
=== Origin and composition === | |||
=== Pre-treatment === | |||
==Process and technologies== | ==Process and technologies== | ||
In the brewing industry flocculation is a very important process in fermentation during the production of beer where cells form macroscopic flocs. These flocs cause the yeast to sediment or rise to the top of a fermentation at the end of the fermentation. Subsequently, the yeast can be collected (cropped) from the top (ale fermentation) or the bottom (lager fermentation) of the fermenter in order to be reused for the next fermentation. | In the brewing industry flocculation is a very important process in fermentation during the production of beer where cells form macroscopic flocs. These flocs cause the yeast to sediment or rise to the top of a fermentation at the end of the fermentation. Subsequently, the yeast can be collected (cropped) from the top (ale fermentation) or the bottom (lager fermentation) of the fermenter in order to be reused for the next fermentation. | ||
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Yeast flocculation is primarily determined by the calcium concentration, often in the 50-100ppm range. Calcium salts can be added to cause flocculation, or the process can be reversed by removing calcium by adding phosphate to form insolubable calcium phosphate, adding excess sulfate to form insoluble calcium sulfate, or adding EDTA to chelate the calcium ions. While it appears similar to sedimentation in colloidal dispersions, the mechanisms are different. | Yeast flocculation is primarily determined by the calcium concentration, often in the 50-100ppm range. Calcium salts can be added to cause flocculation, or the process can be reversed by removing calcium by adding phosphate to form insolubable calcium phosphate, adding excess sulfate to form insoluble calcium sulfate, or adding EDTA to chelate the calcium ions. While it appears similar to sedimentation in colloidal dispersions, the mechanisms are different. | ||
== | ==Products== | ||
=== Post-treatment === | |||
==Technology providers== | ==Technology providers== | ||
===ABC=== | ===ABC=== | ||
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| Other = Unknown | | Other = Unknown | ||
}} | }} | ||
== Open access pilot and demo facility providers == | |||
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=106&field_technology_area_target_id%5B81%5D=81&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database] | |||
== Patents == | == Patents == | ||