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Difference between revisions of "Distillation"
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| Product = separated products | | Product = separated products | ||
|Name= Distillation}} | |Name= Distillation}} | ||
<onlyinclude>'''Distillation''' is the process of separating components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components in the mixture. | <onlyinclude>'''Distillation''' is the process of separating components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components in the mixture. It is a physical separation process, not a chemical reaction. The application of distillation covers various options, for example purification of alcohol, desalination, crude oil refining, or making liquefied gases from air.</onlyinclude> | ||
==Feedstock== | ==Feedstock== | ||
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=== Pre-treatment === | === Pre-treatment === | ||
For a distillation no specific pre-treatment is needed since it is used to separate different fraction within a process chain. To gain a liquid product from bio waste resources, [[fermentation]] or [[hydrothermal processing]] (hydrothermal liquefaction) are possible pre-treatment technologies. Sometimes there are combination options with other technologies, such as [[extraction]] or [[esterification]], for higher efficiencies.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> | For a distillation no specific pre-treatment is needed since it is used to separate different fraction within a process chain. To gain a liquid product from bio waste resources, [[fermentation]] or [[hydrothermal processing]] (hydrothermal liquefaction) are possible pre-treatment technologies. Sometimes there are combination options with other technologies, such as [[extraction]] or [[esterification]], for higher efficiencies.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> | ||
==Process and technologies== | ==Process and technologies== | ||
[[File:Total Reflux.png|thumb|219x219px|Distillation column]] | [[File:Total Reflux.png|thumb|219x219px|Distillation column]] | ||
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==Products== | ==Products== | ||
With distillation two products are obtained. The product leaving the column at the top is referred to as distillate, while the product leaving at the bottom is referred to as bottom product or shortly bottoms. | |||
=== Post-treatment === | === Post-treatment === | ||
The post-treatment of the | The post-treatment of the products are depending on the next steps within the production chain. With distillation, it is not possible to completely purify a mixture of components, as this would require each component in the mixture to have a zero partial pressure. If ultra-pure products are the goal, then further chemical separation must be applied. | ||
==Technology providers== | ==Technology providers== | ||