257
edits
Difference between revisions of "Torrefaction"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
References
Bas Davidis (talk | contribs) m (product) |
Bas Davidis (talk | contribs) m (References) |
||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
=== Torrefaction process === | === Torrefaction process === | ||
In torrefaction, the feedstock is subjected to thermal treatment at a relatively low temperature of 200°C-300°C in the absence or reduced oxygen level. Torrefaction could be wet or dry. During wet torrefaction, a hot compressed water is used in heating the biomass. During dry torrefaction, direct heating or hot inert gas (e.g. argon, helium and neon) is normally applied. The latter has been the most common practice for commercial purposes. | In torrefaction, the feedstock is subjected to thermal treatment at a relatively low temperature of 200°C-300°C in the absence or reduced oxygen level. Torrefaction could be wet or dry. During wet torrefaction, a hot compressed water is used in heating the biomass. During dry torrefaction, direct heating or hot inert gas (e.g. argon, helium and neon) is normally applied. The latter has been the most common practice for commercial purposes.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Adekunle A. Adeleke, Jamiu K. Odusote, Peter P. Ikubanni, Olumuyiwa A. Lasode, Madhurai Malathi, Dayanand Paswan|year=2020|title=Essential basics on biomass torrefaction, densification and utilization|journal=International Journal of Energy Research|volume=45|page=1375-1395|doi=10.1002/er.5884}}</ref> | ||
During torrefaction, as the temperature of the biomass is increased, the evaporation of physically bound water starts as the temperature approaches 100°C. At more elevated temperatures above 160°C, the structural biopolymer constituents (i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) within the biomass begin to degrade, forming gases and vapours. Hemicellulose typically decomposes at temperatures above 220°C, whereas cellulose starts to decompose at a higher temperature, typically above 300°C. | During torrefaction, as the temperature of the biomass is increased, the evaporation of physically bound water starts as the temperature approaches 100°C. At more elevated temperatures above 160°C, the structural biopolymer constituents (i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) within the biomass begin to degrade, forming gases and vapours. Hemicellulose typically decomposes at temperatures above 220°C, whereas cellulose starts to decompose at a higher temperature, typically above 300°C. | ||
| Line 55: | Line 55: | ||
|Energy density: 1.28 MJ/kg | |Energy density: 1.28 MJ/kg | ||
|} | |} | ||
Torrefaction process essentially aimed at making biomass suitable for subsequent processes such as [[pyrolysis]], [[hydrolysis]] and [[densification]]. Densification is one of the most prominent paths for processing torrefied biomass. Densification involves applying mechanical force on biomass to compact it into solid particles of uniform size | Torrefaction process essentially aimed at making biomass suitable for subsequent processes such as [[pyrolysis]], [[hydrolysis]] and [[densification]]. Densification is one of the most prominent paths for processing torrefied biomass. Densification involves applying mechanical force on biomass to compact it into solid particles of uniform size such as pellets, briquettes and logs. Another area of application of torrefied biomass is in iron making. Biomass has the potential to cause reduction in fossil fuel usage in blast furnaces either as metallurgical coke production, iron ore agglomeration or pulverised coal in tuyere injection. | ||
== Technology providers == | |||
== References == | |||
<references /> | |||