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Difference between revisions of "Membrane filtration"
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[[File:Filtration at bbepp.png|thumb]] | [[File:Filtration at bbepp.png|thumb]] | ||
'''Membrane filtration''' as a separation technology covers all engineering approaches for the transport of substances between two fractions with the help of permeable membranes. In general, mechanical separation processes for separating gaseous or liquid streams use membrane technology. | <onlyinclude>'''Membrane filtration''' as a separation technology covers all engineering approaches for the transport of substances between two fractions with the help of permeable membranes. In general, mechanical separation processes for separating gaseous or liquid streams use membrane technology.</onlyinclude> | ||
==Input == | ==Input == | ||
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==Process and technologies== | ==Process and technologies== | ||
Membrane separation processes differ based on separation mechanisms and size of the separated particles. The widely used membrane processes include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrolysis, dialysis, electrodialysis, gas separation, vapor permeation, pervaporation, membrane distillation, and membrane contactors. All processes except for pervaporation involve no phase change. All processes except electrodialysis are pressure driven. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration is widely used in food and beverage processing, biotechnological applications and pharmaceutical industry, water purification and wastewater treatment, the microelectronics industry, and others. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are mainly used for water purification purposes. Dense membranes are utilized for gas separations (removal of CO<sub>2</sub> from natural gas, separating N<sub>2</sub> from air, organic vapor removal from air or a nitrogen stream) and sometimes in membrane distillation. | Membrane separation processes differ based on separation mechanisms and size of the separated particles. The widely used membrane processes include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrolysis, dialysis, electrodialysis, gas separation, vapor permeation, pervaporation, membrane distillation, and membrane contactors. All processes except for pervaporation involve no phase change. All processes except electrodialysis are pressure driven. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration is widely used in food and beverage processing, biotechnological applications and pharmaceutical industry, water purification and wastewater treatment, the microelectronics industry, and others. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are mainly used for water purification purposes. Dense membranes are utilized for gas separations (removal of CO<sub>2</sub> from natural gas, separating N<sub>2</sub> from air, organic vapor removal from air or a nitrogen stream) and sometimes in membrane distillation. | ||