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Difference between revisions of "Hydrothermal processing"
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Hydrothermal processing (view source)
Revision as of 13:50, 20 September 2021
, 13:50, 20 September 2021→Feedstock + process
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=== Origin and composition === | === Origin and composition === | ||
Feedstock with high moisture content are particularly suitable for hydrothermal processing and include feedstocks such as anaerobic digestion digestate, manures, sewage sludge, DDGS, food waste, municipal wastes, and aquatic biomass such as micro- and macroalgae. Hydrothermal processing routes can typically feed slurries up to 30 wt.% solids. | |||
== Process and technologies == | == Process and technologies == | ||
A hydrothermal process is usually performed in water at 250-374°C under a pressure of 4-22 MPa. The process can also be carried out under self-generated pressure. The hydrothermal process is divided into two reaction conditions, namely subcritical and supercritical water conditions. These two conditions are determined by the critical point of water (i.e., 374°C and 22.1 MPa). Subcritical water is classified below the critical point at a 100-374°C temperature range and under sufficient pressure to remain liquid. Supercritical water occurs when the temperature is above 374°C and the pressure is above 22.1 MPa. The decomposition steps of biomass during the hydrothermal process can be summerized as follows: at approximately 100°C, the water-soluble portion of the biomsas disperses into water, and hydrolysis takes place above 150°C. Meanwhile, biomass polymers (i.e., cellulose and hemicellulose) disintegrate into heir monomeric chains. At approximately 300°C and 10 MPa, liquefaction occurs and bio-oil is obtained. | |||
== Product == | == Product == | ||