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Difference between revisions of "Polymerisation"
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==Feedstock== | ==Feedstock== | ||
=== Origin and composition === | |||
Several bio-based feedstock options have been explored for the production of bio-based polymers. Lignin can be depolymerised and the obtained products can be used as monomers. Ethanol from fermentations can be processed to produce ethylene, a common feedstock for polymerisations. Fatty acids can be used in long-chain linear aliphatic polymers. Other biomass feedstock includes CO<sub>2</sub>, terpenes, and furfural.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Sustainable polymers from biomass: Bridging chemistry with materials and processing|year=2020-02-01|journal=Progress in Polymer Science|volume=101|page=101197|doi=10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101197|author=Zhongkai Wang, Mitra S. Ganewatta, Chuanbing Tang}}</ref> High purity of the feedstock is crucial for successful polymerisation reactions, which are highly susceptible to pollutants, often leading to lower polymerisation grades or smaller polymerisation chains. | Several bio-based feedstock options have been explored for the production of bio-based polymers. Lignin can be depolymerised and the obtained products can be used as monomers. Ethanol from fermentations can be processed to produce ethylene, a common feedstock for polymerisations. Fatty acids can be used in long-chain linear aliphatic polymers. Other biomass feedstock includes CO<sub>2</sub>, terpenes, and furfural.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Sustainable polymers from biomass: Bridging chemistry with materials and processing|year=2020-02-01|journal=Progress in Polymer Science|volume=101|page=101197|doi=10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101197|author=Zhongkai Wang, Mitra S. Ganewatta, Chuanbing Tang}}</ref> High purity of the feedstock is crucial for successful polymerisation reactions, which are highly susceptible to pollutants, often leading to lower polymerisation grades or smaller polymerisation chains. | ||
=== Pre-treatment === | |||
==Process and technologies== | ==Process and technologies== | ||
There has been signifcant effort to produce polymers from biomass rest streams. The key challenge lies in producing materials that have comparable or improved properties to their fossil-based counterparts. The right processing, which is often neglected by chemists, plays a crucial role in enhancing the material properties.<ref name=":0" /> | There has been signifcant effort to produce polymers from biomass rest streams. The key challenge lies in producing materials that have comparable or improved properties to their fossil-based counterparts. The right processing, which is often neglected by chemists, plays a crucial role in enhancing the material properties.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
==Product== | ==Product== | ||
Three critical processes to obtain sustainable bio-based polymers are the conversion of lignin monomers to polymers, the production of bio-based polyolefins, for example from ethylene via the ethanol route, and the production of long-chain aliphatic polycondensates, which can be obtained from fatty acids.<ref name=":0" /> | Three critical processes to obtain sustainable bio-based polymers are the conversion of lignin monomers to polymers, the production of bio-based polyolefins, for example from ethylene via the ethanol route, and the production of long-chain aliphatic polycondensates, which can be obtained from fatty acids.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== Post-treatment === | |||
==Technology providers== | ==Technology providers== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
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== Open access pilot and demo facility providers == | == Open access pilot and demo facility providers == | ||
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=102&field_technology_area_target_id%5B94%5D=94&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database] | |||
==Patents== | ==Patents== | ||