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Difference between revisions of "Membrane filtration"
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{{Infobox technology}} | {{Infobox technology | ||
| Feedstock = all materials | |||
| Category = Separation process | |||
| Product = separated products | |||
|Name= Membrane filtration}} | |||
<onlyinclude>'''Membrane filtration''' as a separation technology covers all engineering approaches for the transport of substances between two fractions with the help of permeable membranes. In general, mechanical separation processes for separating gaseous or liquid streams use membrane technology.</onlyinclude> | <onlyinclude>'''Membrane filtration''' as a separation technology covers all engineering approaches for the transport of substances between two fractions with the help of permeable membranes. In general, mechanical separation processes for separating gaseous or liquid streams use membrane technology.</onlyinclude> | ||
==Feedstock == | ==Feedstock == | ||
=== Origin and composition === | === Origin and composition === | ||
The membrane filtration method is used to separate a solid from a liquid stream via permeable membranes of different sizes. The most common application in biotechnology processes is the separation of solids biomass from feedstocks or production cells within a pre-treatment or a downstream process. | |||
=== Pre-treatment === | === Pre-treatment === | ||
For a membrane filtration in general no specific pre-treatment is needed since it is used to separate different fraction within a process chain. Sometimes it is combined with other separation technologies. | |||
==Process and technologies== | ==Process and technologies== | ||
[[File:Filtration at bbepp.png|thumb]] | |||
Membrane separation processes differ based on separation mechanisms and size of the separated particles. The widely used membrane processes include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrolysis, dialysis, electrodialysis, gas separation, vapor permeation, pervaporation, membrane distillation, and membrane contactors. All processes except for pervaporation involve no phase change. All processes except electrodialysis are pressure driven. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration is widely used in food and beverage processing, biotechnological applications and pharmaceutical industry, water purification and wastewater treatment, the microelectronics industry, and others. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are mainly used for water purification purposes. Dense membranes are utilized for gas separations (removal of CO<sub>2</sub> from natural gas, separating N<sub>2</sub> from air, organic vapor removal from air or a nitrogen stream) and sometimes in membrane distillation. | Membrane separation processes differ based on separation mechanisms and size of the separated particles. The widely used membrane processes include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrolysis, dialysis, electrodialysis, gas separation, vapor permeation, pervaporation, membrane distillation, and membrane contactors. All processes except for pervaporation involve no phase change. All processes except electrodialysis are pressure driven. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration is widely used in food and beverage processing, biotechnological applications and pharmaceutical industry, water purification and wastewater treatment, the microelectronics industry, and others. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are mainly used for water purification purposes. Dense membranes are utilized for gas separations (removal of CO<sub>2</sub> from natural gas, separating N<sub>2</sub> from air, organic vapor removal from air or a nitrogen stream) and sometimes in membrane distillation. | ||
==Products== | ==Products== | ||
The products of a membrane filtration are the solids captured within the membrane and the filtrate that can be further processed. | |||
The remaining liquid that lies above the precipitate is called a supernatant or supernate. The precipitate and the supernatant can then be further processed or are the final product. | |||
=== Post-treatment === | === Post-treatment === | ||
The post-treatment of the filtrate is depending on the next steps within the production chain. | |||
==Technology providers== | ==Technology providers== | ||
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Currently no patents have been identified. | Currently no patents have been identified. | ||
==References== | ==References and further readings == | ||
* [[:en:Membrane filtration|Membrane filtration]] in Wikipedia | |||
[[Category:Hybrid processing]] | [[Category:Hybrid processing]] | ||
[[Category:Separation]] | [[Category:Separation]] | ||