3
edits
Difference between revisions of "Centrifugation"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Listing of technology types
Stijn Slos (talk | contribs) |
(Listing of technology types) |
||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
This sedimentation of particles can be explained by Stoke's law. The equation calculates the velocity of sedimentation utilizing five parameters. | This sedimentation of particles can be explained by Stoke's law. The equation calculates the velocity of sedimentation utilizing five parameters. | ||
[[File:Stokes-equation.jpg|center]] | [[File:Stokes-equation.jpg|center]] | ||
From the Stokes equation five important behaviours of particles can be explained: | From the Stokes equation five important behaviours of particles can be explained: | ||
# The rate of particle sedimentation is proportional to the particle size | #The rate of particle sedimentation is proportional to the particle size | ||
# The sedimentation rate is proportional to the difference in density between the particle and the medium. | #The sedimentation rate is proportional to the difference in density between the particle and the medium. | ||
# The sedimentation rate is zero when the particle density is the same as the medium density. | #The sedimentation rate is zero when the particle density is the same as the medium density. | ||
# The sedimentation rate decreases as the medium viscosity increases. | #The sedimentation rate decreases as the medium viscosity increases. | ||
# The sedimentation rate increases as the gravitational force increases. | #The sedimentation rate increases as the gravitational force increases. | ||
==Products== | === Disc-stack centrifugation === | ||
=== Basket centrifugation === | |||
Basket centrifuges are often called centrifugal filters or clarifiers. The basket centrifuge uses centrifugal force to generate a pressure which forces the liquid through the caked solids, the filter cloth, the backing screen, and finally the basket perforations. The filter cloth retains the solid particles inside the rotating basket while the permeating liquid is continuously discharged. | |||
==Products == | |||
The remaining liquid that lies above the precipitate is called a supernatant or supernate. The precipitate and the supernatant can then be further processed or are the final product. | The remaining liquid that lies above the precipitate is called a supernatant or supernate. The precipitate and the supernatant can then be further processed or are the final product. | ||
=== Post-treatment === | === Post-treatment=== | ||
The post-treatment of the precipitate and/or the supernatant is depending on the next steps within the production chain. | The post-treatment of the precipitate and/or the supernatant is depending on the next steps within the production chain. | ||
==Technology providers== | == Technology providers== | ||
===ABC=== | ===ABC=== | ||
{{Infobox provider-centrifugation}} | {{Infobox provider-centrifugation}} | ||
| Line 47: | Line 52: | ||
''The technology is based on an Integrated Cascading Catalytic Pyrolysis (ICCP) process, being able to produce aromatics including benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) as well as light olefins from low grade biomass and plastics waste. This technology utilises catalytic cracking in a two-step process at temperatures between 450- 850 °C. In the first step the feedstock material is vaporised via thermal cracking. The pyrolysis vapours are then directly passed into a second reactor in which they are converted into aromatics by utilising a zeolite catalyst which can be continuously regenerated. Finally, the products are separated from the gas via condensation. An ex situ approach of catalytic conversion has several advantages such as the protection of the catalyst from deactivation/degradation expanding its lifetime, a greater variety of feedstock, and a precise adjustment of process conditions (e.g. temperature, catalyst design, and Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) in each step for improved yields. In current pilot plant with 10 kg h-1 feed capacity for either waste plastics or biomass, final design details are established, which will be include in the running engineering activities for the commercial plant.'' | ''The technology is based on an Integrated Cascading Catalytic Pyrolysis (ICCP) process, being able to produce aromatics including benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) as well as light olefins from low grade biomass and plastics waste. This technology utilises catalytic cracking in a two-step process at temperatures between 450- 850 °C. In the first step the feedstock material is vaporised via thermal cracking. The pyrolysis vapours are then directly passed into a second reactor in which they are converted into aromatics by utilising a zeolite catalyst which can be continuously regenerated. Finally, the products are separated from the gas via condensation. An ex situ approach of catalytic conversion has several advantages such as the protection of the catalyst from deactivation/degradation expanding its lifetime, a greater variety of feedstock, and a precise adjustment of process conditions (e.g. temperature, catalyst design, and Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) in each step for improved yields. In current pilot plant with 10 kg h-1 feed capacity for either waste plastics or biomass, final design details are established, which will be include in the running engineering activities for the commercial plant.'' | ||
== Open access pilot and demo facility providers == | ==Open access pilot and demo facility providers== | ||
[https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=105&field_technology_area_target_id%5B70%5D=70&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database] | [https://biopilots4u.eu/database?field_technology_area_data_target_id=105&field_technology_area_target_id%5B70%5D=70&field_contact_address_value_country_code=All&field_scale_value=All&combine=&combine_1= Pilots4U Database] | ||
| Line 53: | Line 58: | ||
Currently no patents have been identified. | Currently no patents have been identified. | ||
== References == | ==References== | ||
* [[:en:Centrifugation|Centrifugation]] in Wikipedia | *[[:en:Centrifugation|Centrifugation]] in Wikipedia | ||
* [[:en:Centrifuge|Centrifuge]] in Wikipedia | *[[:en:Centrifuge|Centrifuge]] in Wikipedia | ||
[[Category:Hybrid processing]] | [[Category:Hybrid processing]] | ||
[[Category:Separation]] | [[Category:Separation]] | ||