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=== Pre-treatment === | === Pre-treatment === | ||
The feedstock can be untreated by- or co-products from the agri-food industries or food wastes. Possible pre-treatments include, among others, [[pasteurisation]], [[Enzymatic processes|enzymatic digestion]], addition of nutrients or dry yeast<ref name=":0" />, [[drying]] and shredding. Vassileios Varelas describes possible pre-treatments in relation to the texture of the feed and the feeding habits of the farmed insects: "Liquid diets can be used after [[encapsulation]] using different materials (paraffin, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene) to mimic artificial eggs, a treatment step needed for their containment and presentation, while liquids and slurries can be [[Drying|dried]] and concentrated so that [they] can be dissolved in water or [[Mixing|mixed]] with other ingredients. Semi-liquids are used in pellet or [[Extrusion|extruded]] form which can be ingested by insects with biting mouthparts and also by insects with sucking mouthparts. Solids are presented as a feed mash with [[grinding]] and [[mixing]] of all raw materials, after pelleting of various raw materials or by extrusion. Solids can also be [[Encapsulation|encapsulated]] with complex [[Coacervation Technology|coacervation technology]] using proteins and polysaccharides."<ref name=":1" /> | The feedstock can be untreated by- or co-products from the agri-food industries or food wastes. Possible pre-treatments include, among others, [[pasteurisation]], [[Enzymatic processes|enzymatic digestion]], addition of nutrients or dry yeast<ref name=":0" />, pre-[[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]], [[drying]] and shredding. Microbial pre-[[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]] can be used to stabilise the feedstock and increase food safety. It can also enhance the digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients to the insect larvae as most nutrients present in agricultural residue or byproducts are found in insoluble form.<ref name=":1" /> Vassileios Varelas describes possible pre-treatments in relation to the texture of the feed and the feeding habits of the farmed insects: "Liquid diets can be used after [[encapsulation]] using different materials (paraffin, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene) to mimic artificial eggs, a treatment step needed for their containment and presentation, while liquids and slurries can be [[Drying|dried]] and concentrated so that [they] can be dissolved in water or [[Mixing|mixed]] with other ingredients. Semi-liquids are used in pellet or [[Extrusion|extruded]] form which can be ingested by insects with biting mouthparts and also by insects with sucking mouthparts. Solids are presented as a feed mash with [[grinding]] and [[mixing]] of all raw materials, after pelleting of various raw materials or by extrusion. Solids can also be [[Encapsulation|encapsulated]] with complex [[Coacervation Technology|coacervation technology]] using proteins and polysaccharides."<ref name=":1" /> | ||
== Process and technologies == | == Process and technologies == |