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Difference between revisions of "Enzymatic processes"
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* [[Sizing]] (e.g., milling, grinding) | * [[Sizing]] (e.g., milling, grinding) | ||
* [[Steam explosion]] (hybrid pre-treatment; e.g., combined with laccase pretreatment)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Weihua Qiu, Hongzhang Chen|year=2012|title=Enhanced the ezymatic hydrolysis efficiency of wheat straw after combined steam explosion and laccase pretreatment|journal=Bioresource Technology|volume=118|page=8-12|doi=10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.033}}</ref> | * [[Steam explosion]] (hybrid pre-treatment; e.g., combined with laccase pretreatment)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Weihua Qiu, Hongzhang Chen|year=2012|title=Enhanced the ezymatic hydrolysis efficiency of wheat straw after combined steam explosion and laccase pretreatment|journal=Bioresource Technology|volume=118|page=8-12|doi=10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.033}}</ref> | ||
The following pre-treatments may be considered prior to enzymatic hydrolysis<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rajeev Ravindran, Amit Kumar Jaiswal|year=2016|title=A comprehensive review on pre-treatment strategy for lignocellulosic food industry waste: Challenges and opportunities|journal=Bioresource Technology|volume=199|page=92-102|doi=10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.106}}</ref><sup>,</sup><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Bikash Kumar, Nisha Bhardwaj, Komal Agrawal, Venkatesh Chaturvedi, Pradeep Verma|year=2019|title=Current perspective on pretreatment technologies using lignocellulosic biomass: An emerging biorefinery concept|journal=Fuel Processing Technology|volume=199|page=|doi=10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106244}}</ref>: | The following pre-treatments may be considered prior to enzymatic hydrolysis<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rajeev Ravindran, Amit Kumar Jaiswal|year=2016|title=A comprehensive review on pre-treatment strategy for lignocellulosic food industry waste: Challenges and opportunities|journal=Bioresource Technology|volume=199|page=92-102|doi=10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.106}}</ref><sup>,</sup><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Bikash Kumar, Nisha Bhardwaj, Komal Agrawal, Venkatesh Chaturvedi, Pradeep Verma|year=2019|title=Current perspective on pretreatment technologies using lignocellulosic biomass: An emerging biorefinery concept|journal=Fuel Processing Technology|volume=199|page=|doi=10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106244}}</ref>: | ||
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=== Enzymatic pre-treatment (biological pre-treatment) === | === Enzymatic pre-treatment (biological pre-treatment) === | ||
Biological pre-treatment systems rely on biological agents (e.g., enzymes) to delignify lignocellulose and make the process of enzymatic hydrolysis more convenient. The effect of enzymes on the lignocellulosic biomass depends on the type of enzymes as well as the composition of the biomass being treated. This is due to enzyme specificity in terms of the type of the reactions that they catalyze. Laccase (Lac), manganese peroxide (MnP) and versatile peroxide (VP) are enzymes that are used extensively to treat the lignocellulosic substrate<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Baruah J., Nath B.K., Sharma R., Kumar S., Deka R.C., Kalita E.|year=2018|title=Recent Trends in the Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Value-Added Products|journal=Front. Energy Res.|volume=141|page=|doi=10.3389/fenrg.2018.00141}}</ref>. Biological pre-treatment of LCB is often knows as a simple, inexpensive, selective, and environmentally-friendly technology. This is mainly due to the fact that biological pre-treatment does not require high energy inputs or chemicals addition. Furthermore, enzymatic treatment has found success in the removal of toxic inhibitory compounds (i.e., complete removal of phenolic compounds). The limitations asociated with enzymatic pretreatment is its production cost, stability, shelf life, and reusability<ref name=":0" />. | Biological pre-treatment systems rely on biological agents (e.g., enzymes) to delignify lignocellulose and make the process of enzymatic hydrolysis more convenient. The effect of enzymes on the lignocellulosic biomass depends on the type of enzymes as well as the composition of the biomass being treated. This is due to enzyme specificity in terms of the type of the reactions that they catalyze. Laccase (Lac), manganese peroxide (MnP) and versatile peroxide (VP) are enzymes that are used extensively to treat the lignocellulosic substrate<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Baruah J., Nath B.K., Sharma R., Kumar S., Deka R.C., Kalita E.|year=2018|title=Recent Trends in the Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Value-Added Products|journal=Front. Energy Res.|volume=141|page=|doi=10.3389/fenrg.2018.00141}}</ref>. Biological pre-treatment of LCB is often knows as a simple, inexpensive, selective, and environmentally-friendly technology. This is mainly due to the fact that biological pre-treatment does not require high energy inputs or chemicals addition. Furthermore, enzymatic treatment has found success in the removal of toxic inhibitory compounds (i.e., complete removal of phenolic compounds). The limitations asociated with enzymatic pretreatment is its production cost, stability, shelf life, and reusability<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Bikash Kumar, Nisha Bhardwaj, Komal Agrawal, Venkatesh Chaturvedi, Pradeep Verma|year=2019|title=Current perspective on pretreatment technologies using lignocellulosic biomass: An emerging biorefinery concept|journal=Fuel Processing Technology|volume=199|page=|doi=10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106244}}</ref>. | ||
=== Enzymatic hydrolysis === | === Enzymatic hydrolysis === | ||
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* Hemicellulose | * Hemicellulose | ||
* Lignin | * Lignin | ||
Potential products after fermentation: | Potential products after fermentation: | ||