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Difference between revisions of "Flocculation"
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{{Infobox technology|Name=Flocculation|Category=[[Post-processing]] – Separation technologies}} | {{Infobox technology|Name=Flocculation|Category=[[Post-processing]] – Separation technologies}} | ||
<onlyinclude>'''Flocculation''' refers to the "reversible aggregation of colloidal particles to larger particles that can be filtered"<ref>{{Cite book|author=Peter W. Atkins, Loretta Jones|year=2006|book_title=Chemie - einfach alles|publisher=Wiley-VCH|place=Weinheim|ISBN=978-3-527-31579-6}}</ref> or separated by sedimentation. The IUPAC Gold Book uses coagulation and flocculation as synonyms of agglomeration and defines agglomeration as a "process of contact and adhesion whereby dispersed particles are held together by weak physical interactions ultimately leading to phase separation by the formation of precipitates of larger than colloidal size."<ref>{{Cite web|Author=The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)|title=IUPAC - agglomeration (except in polymer science) (A00182)|url=https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00182|year=|e-pub date=|date accessed=January 31, 2022}}</ref> | <onlyinclude>'''Flocculation''' refers to the "reversible aggregation of colloidal particles to larger particles that can be filtered"<ref>{{Cite book|author=Peter W. Atkins, Loretta Jones|year=2006|book_title=Chemie - einfach alles|publisher=Wiley-VCH|place=Weinheim|ISBN=978-3-527-31579-6}}</ref> or separated by sedimentation. The IUPAC Gold Book uses coagulation and flocculation as synonyms of agglomeration and defines agglomeration as a "process of contact and adhesion whereby dispersed particles are held together by weak physical interactions ultimately leading to phase separation by the formation of precipitates of larger than colloidal size."<ref>{{Cite web|Author=The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)|title=IUPAC - agglomeration (except in polymer science) (A00182)|url=https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00182|year=|e-pub date=|date accessed=January 31, 2022}}</ref></onlyinclude> | ||
Flocculation can be purposefully induced by adding ''flocculants''. "Flocculants are agents that make fine and subfine solids or colloids suspended in the solution form large loose flocs through bridging, thus achieving solid-liquid separation."<ref>{{Cite book|author=Shuying Wang, Jinyang Fu, Cong Zhang, Junsheng Yang|year=2021|section_title=Chapter 9 – Muck conditioning for EPB shield tunnelling and muck recycling – 9.3.1.5 Flocculants|book_title=Shield Tunnel Engineering : From Theory to Practice|publisher=Elsevier|place=Amsterdam, Netherlands|ISBN=9780128239926}}</ref> Cells, for example, can be aggregated by adding multivalent cations, metal salts or polymers (for example, polyaluminum chloride). | |||
==Feedstock== | ==Feedstock== | ||