377
edits
Difference between revisions of "Biowaste"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
m (→Refernces) |
|||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
==Types of biowaste== | ==Types of biowaste== | ||
Bio-waste is defined as biodegradable garden and park waste, food and kitchen waste from households, restaurants, caterers and retail premises, and comparable waste from food processing plants. It does not include forestry or agricultural residues, manure, sewage sludge, or other biodegradable waste such as natural textiles, paper or processed wood. It also excludes those by-products of food production that never become waste.<ref>''[https://ec.europa.eu/environment/topics/waste-and-recycling/biodegradable-waste_en biodegradable waste]'', definition at European Commission, Directorate-General for Environment.</ref> | Bio-waste is defined as biodegradable garden and park waste, food and kitchen waste from households, restaurants, caterers and retail premises, and comparable waste from food processing plants. It does not include forestry or agricultural residues, manure, sewage sludge, or other biodegradable waste such as natural textiles, paper or processed wood. It also excludes those by-products of food production that never become waste.<ref name=":0">''[https://ec.europa.eu/environment/topics/waste-and-recycling/biodegradable-waste_en biodegradable waste]'', definition at European Commission, Directorate-General for Environment.</ref> | ||
Biowaste is devided in several groups depending on its origin: | Biowaste is devided in several groups depending on its origin: | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
In the EWC-Stat Waste Categories biowaste is included in item 31 ("Animal and mixed food waste"), item 32 ("Vegetal wastes") and partly item 34 ("Household and similar wastes").<ref>{{Cite book|author=EUROSTAT|year=2010|section_title=|editor=|book_title=[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/342366/351806/Guidance-on-EWCStat-categories-2010.pdf/0e7cd3fc-c05c-47a7-818f-1c2421e55604 Guidance on classification of waste according to EWC-Stat categories; Supplement to the Manual for the Implementation of the Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 on Waste Statistics.]|publisher=Commission of the European Communities|place=Brussels}}</ref> | In the EWC-Stat Waste Categories biowaste is included in item 31 ("Animal and mixed food waste"), item 32 ("Vegetal wastes") and partly item 34 ("Household and similar wastes").<ref>{{Cite book|author=EUROSTAT|year=2010|section_title=|editor=|book_title=[https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/342366/351806/Guidance-on-EWCStat-categories-2010.pdf/0e7cd3fc-c05c-47a7-818f-1c2421e55604 Guidance on classification of waste according to EWC-Stat categories; Supplement to the Manual for the Implementation of the Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 on Waste Statistics.]|publisher=Commission of the European Communities|place=Brussels}}</ref> | ||
== Additional information == | |||
Currently the main environmental threat from biowaste (and other biodegradable waste) is the production of [[methane]] from such waste decomposing in landfills, which accounted for some 3% of total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU-15 in 1995. The [[Landfill Directive|Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC)]]<ref>{{Cite book|author=Council of the European Union|year=1999|section_title=|editor=|book_title=[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31999L0031 Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste.]|publisher=Council of the European Union|place=Brussel}}</ref> obliges Member States to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal waste that they landfill to 35% of 1995 levels by 2016 (for some countries by 2020) which will significantly reduce this problem.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
According to the [[European Compost Network]] (ECN), across the European Union, somewhere between 118 and 138 million tons of bio-waste arise annually, of which currently only about 40% (equivalent to 47,5 million tons per annum [M tpa]) is effectively recycled into high-quality compost and digestate. As up to 50% of municipal solid waste is organic, the bio-waste fraction plays an important role in recycling and the nascent circular economy. Implementation of separate collection of bio-waste in all EU member states as laid down in the [[Waste Framework Directive]] is a key for diverting organic waste from landfills and to guarantee that high-quality secondary raw materials (composts and digestate) are consistently manufactured, so that they can be placed on the European fertilizer market.<ref name="ECN">''[https://www.compostnetwork.info/policy/biowaste-in-europe/ Bio-Waste in Europe]'', European Compost Network (ECN), 2020.</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||