Difference between revisions of "Primary processing"

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<onlyinclude>'''Pre-treatment''' technologies are used to prepare raw materials so that they can be processed by [[core technologies]].</onlyinclude>
<onlyinclude>'''Primary processing''' of biowaste results in intermediate chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the [[secondary processing]] or [[hybrid processing]] after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of primary processing, others (such as the [[Hybrid processing#Separation_processes_and_technologies|separation processes and technologies]]) can be utilised in both primary and [[secondary processing]] which places them into [[hybrid processing]].</onlyinclude>


== Biochemical pre-treatments ==
== Biochemical processes and technologies ==
* Enzymatic (''in vitro'')
* [[Anaerobic digestion]]
*Fungal
* [[Composting]]
*Microbial
*[[Enzymatic processes]]
**Aeration
* [[Insect farming]]


== Chemical pre-treatments ==
== Chemical processes and technologies (these might be [[hybrid processing]]) ==


* [[Hydrolysis]]
* [[Hydrolysis]]
**[https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Hydrolysis#Acid Acid]
** [[Hydrolysis#Acid|Acid]]  
**[https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Hydrolysis#Alkali Alkali]
**[[Hydrolysis#Alkali|Alkali]]
**Plasma
** [[Hydrolysis#Salt|Salt]]
**[https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Hydrolysis#Salt Salt]
*** [[Hydrolysis#Metal_salts|Metal salts]]
***[https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Hydrolysis#Ionic_liquids Ionic liquids]
*** [[Hydrolysis#Sulphite_salt|Sulphite salt]]
***Metal Chloride
** [[Hydrolysis#Solvent|Solvent]]
***[https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Hydrolysis#Sulphite_salt Sulphite salt]
*** [[Hydrolysis#Organosolv|Organosolv]]
**[https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Hydrolysis#Solvent Solvent]
** [[Hydrolysis#Subcritical_water|Subcritical water]]  
***[https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Hydrolysis#Organosolv Organosolv]
* [[Ionic liquids]]
*Oxidation
* [[Oxidation]]


== Physical pre-treatments ==
== Physical processes and technologies (these might be [[hybrid processing]]) ==


* Densification
* [[Densification]]
*Microwave
*[[Sizing]]
* Pressure-densification
**[[Sizing#Chipping|Chipping]]
* Sizing
**[[Sizing#Grinding|Grinding]]
** Chipping
* [[Microwave treatment]]
** Grinding
* [[Steam explosion]]
* Steam explosion
* [[Ultrasonication]]
**Air
**Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>
*Thermal expansion
*Ultrasonication


== Separation pre-treatments ==
== Thermochemical processes and technologies ==


* Physicomechanical separations
* [[Ammonia fibre expansion]]
** Centrifugation
* [[Gasification]]
** Filtration
* [[Hydrothermal processing]]
*** Membrane Filtration
* [[Pyrolysis]]
*** Pressure filtration
* [[Torrefaction]]
*** Ultrafiltration
** Sieving
* Physicochemical separations
** Chromatography
** Dialysis
** Dissolution, Crystallisation, flocculation, precipitation
** Distillation
** [[Drying]]
*** [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Drying#Air_drying Air drying]
*** [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Drying#Nitrogen_drying Nitrogen drying]
*** [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Drying#Freeze_drying Freeze drying]
*** [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Drying#Thermal_drying Thermal drying]
*** [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Drying#Vacuum_drying Vacuum drying]
**Extraction
***Acid treatment
***Alkali treatment
**Extrusion
**[[Field-Flow fractionation (FFF)]]
*** [https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Asymmatric_flow_FFF_(AF4) Asymmatric flow FFF (AF4)]
***[https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Centrifugal_FFF Centrifugal FFF]
***[https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Electrical_FFF Electrical FFF]
***[https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Split_flow_thin-cell_fractionation_(SPLITT) Split flow thin-cell fractionation (SPLITT)]
***[https://www.tech4biowaste.eu/wiki/Field-Flow_fractionation_(FFF)#Thermal_FFF Thermal FFF]
**Integrated hydroxyl radicals and hot water pre-treatment (IHRWT)


== Thermochemical pre-treatments ==
== Other processes and technologies ==
 
*[[Pulping]]
* Ammonia fibre expansion
**[[Pulping#Chemical_pulping|Chemical pulping]]
* Dry torrefaction
*** [[Pulping#Dissolving_pulp_and_organosolv|Organosolv]]
* Wet torrefaction
*** [[Pulping#Cold_soda_pulping|Soda]]
 
*** [[Pulping#Sulphate_pulping_(Kraft)|Sulphate]]
== Pulping (we need to divide all pulping subcatecories to the existing ones, suggestions are welcome) ==
*** [[Pulping#Sulphite_pulping|Sulphite]]
 
** [[Pulping#Hybrid_pulping|Hybrid pulping]]
* Chemical pulping
*** [[Pulping#Chemi-thermo-mechanical_pulping_(CTMP)|Chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP)]]
** Organosolv
***[[Pulping#Neutral_Sulfite_Semi_Chemical_Pulping_(NSSC)|Neutral Sulfite Semi Chemical pulping (NSSC)]]
** Soda
**[[Pulping#Mechanical_pulping|Mechanical pulping]]
** Sulphate
*** [[Pulping#Refiner|Refiner]]
** Sulphite
**** [[Pulping#Refiner_mechanical_pulping_(RMP)|Refiner mechanical pulping (RMP)]]
* Hybrid pulping
****[[Pulping#Thermomechanical_pulping_(TMP)|Thermomechanical pulping (TMP)]]
** Neutral Sulfite Semi Chemical pulping (NSSC)
*** [[Pulping#Groundwood|Groundwood]]
** Chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP)
**** [[Pulping#Pressure_groundwood_(PGW)|Pressure groundwood (PGW)]]
*Mechanical pulping
****[[Pulping#Stone_groundwood_(SGW)|Stone groundwood (SGW)]]
** Refiner
**** [[Pulping#Thermal_groundwood_(TGW)|Thermal groundwood (TGW)]]
*** Thermomechanical pulping (TMP)
*** Refiner mechanical pulping (RMP)
** Groundwood
*** Stone groundwood (SGW)
*** Thermal groundwood (TGW)
*** Pressure groundwood (PGW)

Latest revision as of 12:58, 9 February 2022

Primary processing of biowaste results in intermediate chemicals and/or materials which will then go into the secondary processing or hybrid processing after which the final product is obtained. While some technologies are used exclusively for the purpose of primary processing, others (such as the separation processes and technologies) can be utilised in both primary and secondary processing which places them into hybrid processing.

Biochemical processes and technologies

Chemical processes and technologies (these might be hybrid processing)

Physical processes and technologies (these might be hybrid processing)

Thermochemical processes and technologies

Other processes and technologies

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