Difference between revisions of "Ionic liquids"
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'''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability. Together this allows for them to be used as green solvents as alternatives to volatile organic compounds. These properties can be used in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> | '''Ionic liquids''' are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability. Together this allows for them to be used as green solvents as alternatives to volatile organic compounds. These properties can be used in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis|year=2009-04-01|author=Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick|journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering|volume=102|issue=5|page=1368–1376|doi=10.1002/bit.22179}}</ref> Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing. | ||
==Feedstock== | ==Feedstock== | ||
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples inclue corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> | Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples inclue corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.<ref name=":0" /> Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing. | ||
==Process and technologies== | ==Process and technologies== | ||
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve cellulose, which can decrease its crystalinity and therefore make it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> | Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, which can decrease its crystalinity and therefore make it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with [[hydrolysis]] to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
==Product== | ==Product== | ||
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted. The resulting lignin | The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. The resulting lignin can be one of the products, the other begin the remaining lignocellulosic material, where the cellulose is more easily available for further processing. | ||
==Technology providers== | ==Technology providers== | ||
[space for technology comparison] | [space for technology comparison] | ||
=== | ===RISE (Sweden)=== | ||
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.<ref>{{Cite web|year=|title=Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers|e-pub date=|date accessed=30-8-2021|url=https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers}}</ref> | |||
==Patents== | ==Patents== | ||
Currently no patents have been identified yet. | Currently no patents have been identified yet. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 13:23, 30 August 2021
Ionic liquids are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature. Because they are salts, they show no volatility. Moreover, they show a high thermal stability. Together this allows for them to be used as green solvents as alternatives to volatile organic compounds. These properties can be used in the pre-treatment of lignocellulosic material by dissolving the material and separating the lignin.[1] Lignin streams can also be dissolved to allow for further processing.
Feedstock
Ionic liquids are capable of dissolving lignocellulosic biomass. Examples inclue corn stalks, rice straw, bagasse, pine wood, and spruce wood.[1] Next to lignocellulosic biomass, lignin streams can be dissolved for further processing.
Process and technologies
Ionic liquids have been shown to dissolve lignin or cellulose, which can decrease its crystalinity and therefore make it more accessible for further processing. Moreover, a full dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass can be used to extract the lignin. The technology can also be combined with hydrolysis to make the cellulose available as sugars for further processing.[1]
Product
The final product of the process depends on the exact combination of technologies. Generally, a large part of the lignin can be extracted from lignocellulosic material. The resulting lignin can be one of the products, the other begin the remaining lignocellulosic material, where the cellulose is more easily available for further processing.
Technology providers
[space for technology comparison]
RISE (Sweden)
After the LightFibre project showed that kraft lignin and cellulose can be dissolved in an ionic liquid and then wet-spun, the ConCarb project was started to convert lignin and cellulose into carbon fibers, which can be used in light weight composites.[2]
Patents
Currently no patents have been identified yet.
References
- ↑ a b c Sang Hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J. Linhardt, Jonathan S. Dordick, 2009-04-01: Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 102, (5), 1368–1376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22179
- ↑ , : Continous stabilization and carbonization of lignin-cellulose for carbon fibers , Last access 30-8-2021. https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/projects/continous-stabilization-and-carbonization-of-lignin-cellulose-for-carbon-fibers