Difference between revisions of "Ultrasonication"

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Revision as of 09:28, 31 January 2022

Technology

Technology details
Name:	Ultrasonication
Category:
Feedstock:	Biowaste
Product:	Biomass (dispersed, disrupted, emulsified, extracted, homogenised)

Ultrasonication is a physical treatment to disperse, disrupt, emulsify, extract, and/or homogenise biomass beside others via the application of ultrasonic frequencies (>20 kHz). The ultrasound-assisted approach is considered to be a novel and environmentally friendly green technique, giving a significant degree of intensification.^[1]

Feedstock

Origin and composition

The requirements on the origin and composition of the feedstock may vary since ultrasonication can be utilised at various points in the value chain of biowaste valorisation.

Pre-treatment

Process and technologies

During the ultrasonication treatment, ultrasound is transmitted through any physical medium by waves that compress and stretch the molecular spacing of the medium through which it passes^[2]. The distance between the molecules will vary as they oscillate about their mean position^[2]. When the negative pressure is large enough, the distance between the molecules of the liquid exceeds the minimum molecular distance required to hold the liquid intact, and then the liquid breaks down and voids (cavitation bubbles) are created^[2].

Product

Ultrasonication can be used to produce:

Biofuels
Emulsions (such as nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanocrystals, liposomes, wax emulsions)
Extracts from biomass (such as polysaccharides^[3], oil, anthocyanins and antioxidants^[4])
Purified wastewater

Furthermore, ultrasonication is also utilised in following processes:

Adhesive thinning
Cells disruption
Degassing liquids
Polymer and epoxy processing
Ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurisation of crude oil^[5]

Post-treatment

Technology providers

**Technology comparison**
Company name	Country	Technology category	Technology name	TRL	Capacity [kg/h]	Feedstock: Garden & park waste

Company 1	[Country HQ location]	[Technology category (if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)]	[Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]	[4-9]	[numeric value]
Company 2	[Country HQ location]	[(if different sub-categories are defined this has to be specified here, the available categories can be found on each technology page under the chapter Process and technologies)]	[Technology name (the "branded name" or the usual naming from company side)]	[4-9]	[numeric value]	●

Company 1

Ultrasonication provider
General information
Company:
Country:
Contact:
Webpage:
Technology and process details
Technology name:		Technology category:	Pre-processing (Physical processes and technologies), Post-processing (Physical processes and technologies)
TRL:		Capacity:	kg·h^-1
Frequency:	kHz	Power:	W
Processable volume:	L	Other:
Feedstock and product details
Feedstock:		Product:

Hielscher Ultrasonics GmbH

Open access pilot and demo facility providers

Currently no providers have been identified.

Patents

Currently no patents have been identified.

References

↑ Preeti Bhagwan Subhedar, 2016: Use of Ultrasound for Pretreatment of Biomass and Subsequent Hydrolysis and Fermentation. Biomass fractionation technologies for a lignocellulosic feedstock based biorefinery. {{{editor}}} (Ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Hugo Miguel Santos, Carlos Lodeiro, and José-Luis Capelo-Martínez, 2008: The Power of Ultrasound. Ultrasound in Chemistry: Analytical Applications. José-Luis Capelo-Martínez (Ed.). Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.
↑ , 2017-09-01: Polysaccharides from macroalgae: Recent advances, innovative technologies and challenges in extraction and purification. Food Research International, Vol. 99, 1011–1020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.016
↑ , 2013-09-01: Effect of ultrasound frequency on antioxidant activity, total phenolic and anthocyanin content of red raspberry puree. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 20, (5), 1316–1323. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.01.020
↑ , 2020-05-01: Study on ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization for crude oil. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 63, 104946. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104946

[1] Preeti Bhagwan Subhedar, 2016: Use of Ultrasound for Pretreatment of Biomass and Subsequent Hydrolysis and Fermentation. Biomass fractionation technologies for a lignocellulosic feedstock based biorefinery. {{{editor}}} (Ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

[:0-2] Hugo Miguel Santos, Carlos Lodeiro, and José-Luis Capelo-Martínez, 2008: The Power of Ultrasound. Ultrasound in Chemistry: Analytical Applications. José-Luis Capelo-Martínez (Ed.). Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

[3] , 2017-09-01: Polysaccharides from macroalgae: Recent advances, innovative technologies and challenges in extraction and purification. Food Research International, Vol. 99, 1011–1020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.016

[4] , 2013-09-01: Effect of ultrasound frequency on antioxidant activity, total phenolic and anthocyanin content of red raspberry puree. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 20, (5), 1316–1323. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.01.020

[5] , 2020-05-01: Study on ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization for crude oil. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 63, 104946. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104946

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@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ==Feedstock==
 ===Origin and composition===
-The requirements on the origin and composition of the feedstock may vary since the ultrasonication can be utilised at various points in the value chain of biowaste valorisation.
+The requirements on the origin and composition of the feedstock may vary since ultrasonication can be utilised at various points in the value chain of biowaste valorisation.
 === Pre-treatment ===
 == Process and technologies ==
-During the ultrasonication treatment ultrasound is transmitted through any physical medium by waves that compress and stretch the molecular spacing of the medium through which it passes<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Hugo Miguel Santos, Carlos Lodeiro, and José-Luis Capelo-Martínez|year=2008|section_title=The Power of Ultrasound|editor=José-Luis Capelo-Martínez|book_title=Ultrasound in Chemistry: Analytical Applications|publisher=Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA|ISBN=9783527319343|place=Weinheim, Germany}}</ref>. The  distance between the molecules will vary as they oscillate about their mean position<ref name=":0" />. When the negative pressure is large enough, the distance between the molecules of the liquid exceeds the minimum molecular distance required to hold the liquid intact, and then the liquid breaks down and voids (cavitation bubbles) are created<ref name=":0" />. <!-- Maybe it is easier to understand when you add figures to the text.
+During the ultrasonication treatment, ultrasound is transmitted through any physical medium by waves that compress and stretch the molecular spacing of the medium through which it passes<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Hugo Miguel Santos, Carlos Lodeiro, and José-Luis Capelo-Martínez|year=2008|section_title=The Power of Ultrasound|editor=José-Luis Capelo-Martínez|book_title=Ultrasound in Chemistry: Analytical Applications|publisher=Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA|ISBN=9783527319343|place=Weinheim, Germany}}</ref>. The distance between the molecules will vary as they oscillate about their mean position<ref name=":0" />. When the negative pressure is large enough, the distance between the molecules of the liquid exceeds the minimum molecular distance required to hold the liquid intact, and then the liquid breaks down and voids (cavitation bubbles) are created<ref name=":0" />. <!-- Maybe it is easier to understand when you add figures to the text.
 Some interesting links: