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Difference between revisions of "Hydrolysis"
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'''Hydrolysis''' (/haɪˈdrɒlɪsɪs/; from Ancient Greek ''hydro-'' 'water', and ''lysis'' 'to unbind') is a chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile.<ref>{{Cite web|year=2002|title=Hydrolysis|e-pub date=2002|date accessed=2021|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolysis}}</ref> | |||
== Feedstock == | == Feedstock == | ||
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=== Acid === | === Acid === | ||
'''Acid hydrolysis''' is a hydrolysis process in which a protic acid is used to catalyze the hydrolysis reaction. Dilute or concentrated acids help to break down the cellulose and hemicellulose into individual sugars.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Dilute acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass|year=2010-01-15|author=P. Lenihan, A. Orozco, E. O’Neill, M.N.M. Ahmad, D.W. Rooney, G.M. Walker|journal=Chemical Engineering Journal|volume=156|issue=2|page=395–403|doi=10.1016/j.cej.2009.10.061}}</ref> | |||
=== Alkali === | === Alkali === | ||
'''Alkaline hydrolysis''' | '''Alkaline hydrolysis''' refers to types of nucleophilic substitution reactions in which the attacking nucleophile is a hydroxide ion. | ||
=== Salt === | === Salt === | ||