Difference between revisions of "Hydrolysis"

{{Infobox technology|Name=Hydrolysis|Category=Primary processing|Feedstock=lignocellulosic biomass|Product=Sugars and organic acids}}

<onlyinclude>'''Hydrolysis''' (/haɪˈdrɒlɪsɪs/; from Ancient Greek ''hydro-'' 'water', and ''lysis'' 'to unbind') is a chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile.<ref>{{Cite web|year=2002|title=Hydrolysis|e-pub date=2002|date accessed=2021|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolysis|Author=Wikipedia}}</ref> In lignocellulosic biomass, the cellulose and hemicellulose breaks down into individual sugars. Hemicellulose is easier to hydrolyse than cellulose.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Dilute acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass|year=2010-01-15|author=P. Lenihan, A. Orozco, E. O’Neill, M.N.M. Ahmad, D.W. Rooney, G.M. Walker|journal=Chemical Engineering Journal|volume=156|issue=2|page=395–403|doi=10.1016/j.cej.2009.10.061}}</ref> The result of hydrolysing hemicellulose and cellulose are sugars (glucose, mannose, galactose, (C6) and xylose, arabinose (C5)) and organic acids (formic acid and acetic acid).<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Sugars and Furfurals Formation|year=2020-04-17|author=Katarzyna Świątek, Stephanie Gaag, Andreas Klier, Andrea Kruse, Jörg Sauer, David Steinbach|journal=Catalysts|volume=10|issue=4|page=437|doi=10.3390/catal10040437}}</ref> </onlyinclude>

Solvents can be added to improve the hydrolysis process. This is similar to arganosolv pulping, but without the delignification as goal.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|title=Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application|year=2011-11|author=Valery B. Agbor, Nazim Cicek, Richard Sparling, Alex Berlin, David B. Levin|journal=Biotechnology Advances|volume=29|issue=6|page=675–685|doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005}}</ref>

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