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Difference between revisions of "Membrane filtration"
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[[File:Filtration at bbepp.png|thumb|Filtration at BBEPP, Belgium|left]] | [[File:Filtration at bbepp.png|thumb|Filtration at BBEPP, Belgium|left]] | ||
[[File:NF solute transport.jpg|alt=Schematic graphic showing nanofiltration solute transport|thumb|Nanofiltration solute transport]] | [[File:NF solute transport.jpg|alt=Schematic graphic showing nanofiltration solute transport|thumb|Nanofiltration solute transport]] | ||
[[File:NF exclusion mechanisms.jpg|alt=Schematic graphic showing nanofiltration exclusion mechanisms|thumb|Nanofiltration exclusion mechanisms]] | [[File:NF exclusion mechanisms.jpg|alt=Schematic graphic showing nanofiltration exclusion mechanisms|thumb|Nanofiltration exclusion mechanisms]]Membrane separation processes differ based on driving force and size of the separated particles. | ||
=== Different driving forces === | === Different driving forces === | ||
Pressure driven processes include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. Other driving forces such as electrical potential, concentration gradient or vapor/pressure gradient include electrolysis, dialysis, electrodialysis, gas separation, vapor permeation, pervaporation, membrane distillation, and membrane contactors. All processes except for pervaporation involve no phase change. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration is widely used in food and beverage processing, biotechnological applications and pharmaceutical industry, water purification and wastewater treatment, the microelectronics industry, and others. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are mainly used for water purification purposes. | |||
=== Operation modes === | === Operation modes === | ||